{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:01:56Z","timestamp":1788454916880,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess case fatality rate (CFR), infant mortality, and long\u2010term neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) after invasive group B streptococcal (GBS; <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>) infection in infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born in Norway between 1996 and 2019 were included. Data on pregnancies\/deliveries, GBS infection, NDDs, and causes of death were retrieved from five national registries. The exposure was culture\u2010confirmed invasive GBS infection during infancy. Outcomes were mortality and NDDs, the latter at a mean age of 12\u2009years 10 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1 415 625 live\u2010born children, 866 (87%) of 1007 infants diagnosed with GBS infection (prevalence 0.71 per 1000) were included. The CFR was 5.0% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200943). GBS infection was associated with higher infant mortality (relative risk 19.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.79\u201325.36) than the general population. Among survivors, 169 (20.7%) children were diagnosed with any NDD (relative risk 3.49; 95% CI 3.05\u20133.98). In particular, GBS meningitis was associated with high risks of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hearing impairment, and pervasive and specific developmental disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of invasive GBS infection during infancy is considerable and continues to affect children beyond infancy. These findings emphasize the need for new preventive strategies for disease reduction, and the need for survivors to be directly included into early detection pathways to access early intervention if required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The burden of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in Norway is considerable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Of GBS infection survivors, 20.7% were diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) at mean age 12\u2009years 10 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Infants with GBS meningitis were more often diagnosed with NDDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Absolute risks associated with GBS infections were highest for pervasive and specific developmental disorder, cerebral palsy, and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T09:55:45Z","timestamp":1686563745000},"page":"125-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome after invasive group B streptococcal infection in infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maren","family":"Mynarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torstein","family":"Vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guro L.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (NorCP) Vestfold Hospital Trust  T\u00f8nsberg Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne K.","family":"Brigtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Clinic of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7486-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Julsen","family":"Hollung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  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