{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:41:26Z","timestamp":1792078886110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the significant risk factors of cerebral palsy (CP) in Taiwanese children and the associations between infant\u2010related and parent\u2010related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 1\u2009459\u2009093 infants and their parents in Taiwan's national databases collected between 2009 and 2016 were used. The cohort with CP included children diagnosed with CP between birth and age 3\u2009years; a total of 3254 children with CP were included in the final analysis. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio for the risk factors of CP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hierarchical logistic regression models indicated that significant risk factors associated with CP are suburban location, low income, maternal and paternal diabetes mellitus, paternal substance abuse, paternal seizure disorder, male sex, birth by Cesarean section, singleton birth, low birthweight, being born extremely and very preterm, intraventricular hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia, as well as tube feeding, ventilator use, and dopamine administration within 6\u2009months of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to common maternal and infant risk factors, we identified significant paternal risk factors associated with CP, including diabetes mellitus, seizure disorder, and substance abuse. The combination of maternal, paternal, and infant risk factors in CP holds great promise for early identification and intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T05:24:17Z","timestamp":1706073857000},"page":"1062-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk factors for cerebral palsy in children in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7127-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuping","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Georgia State University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Cheng\u2010Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Hungkuang University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-3944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u2010Fang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Hungkuang University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Cerebral Palsy: An Overview","volume":"101","author":"Vitrikas K","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa.Cerebral Palsyhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/cp\/data.html2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006","volume":"109","author":"Rosenbaum P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Campbell's Physical Therapy for Children Expert Consult\u2010E\u2010Book","author":"Palisano R","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy","author":"Abd Elmagid D","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S235165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Health Promotion Administration MoHaW R.O.C (TAIWAN). 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