{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T01:06:08Z","timestamp":1768007168393,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the clinical characteristics of non\u2010epileptic seizures due to transient brain dysfunction caused by energy deficiency after prolonged fasting or exercise in individuals with glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), and then elucidate further the seizure features to distinguish non\u2010epileptic seizures from epileptic seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective case\u2013control study included 57 non\u2010epileptic seizures and 23 epileptic seizures (control group) in 14 individuals (11 males, three females; aged 5\u201344\u2009years, median\u2009=\u200920\u2009years) with Glut1DS, all with a heterozygous pathogenic <jats:italic>SLC2A1<\/jats:italic> mutation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010epileptic seizures were classified as paroxysmal altered consciousness (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), movement disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935) (eye\u2010head movements, ataxia, spasticity, weakness, involuntary movement), dysaesthesia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), and vomiting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) at the peak ages at onset of 5 to 10\u2009years. Ketogenic diet therapy was effective in 33 of 43 (77%) non\u2010epileptic seizures. Providing supplementary food before high\u2010impact exercise or during attacks prevented or mitigated non\u2010epileptic seizures in some individuals. Glut1DS\u2010associated non\u2010epileptic seizures are fundamentally situation\u2010related seizures with specific provoking and ameliorating factors. Non\u2010epileptic seizures can be distinguished from epileptic seizures by the absence of complete consciousness loss and rapid postictal recovery despite prolonged seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010epileptic seizures are not well recognized but require different therapeutic approaches compared to epileptic seizures. Awareness of the differentiation of non\u2010epileptic seizures from epileptic seizures is essential when performing preventive or therapeutic decision\u2010making for acute exacerbation seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Non\u2010epileptic seizures are invariably situation\u2010related seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Non\u2010epileptic seizures were classified as altered consciousness, movement disorders, dysaesthesia, and vomiting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Non\u2010epileptic seizures were characterized by the absence of complete consciousness loss and were accompanied by rapid recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Non\u2010epileptic seizures can occur simultaneously or consecutively with another.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Supplementary food can be effective in preventing the development of sustained exercise\u2010induced movement disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T07:54:43Z","timestamp":1713945283000},"page":"1466-1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differentiating non\u2010epileptic seizures from epileptic seizures in Glut1 deficiency syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasushi","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Research Department of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Aiiku Research Institute, Maternal &amp; Child Health Center Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi\u2010Aiiku\u2010Kai  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetsugu","family":"Nakatsukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Toyoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Oguni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center TMG Asaka Medical Center  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109053251006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0435-8.00020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5702-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0206-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17684"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.15942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T18:29:28Z","timestamp":1744396168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.15942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.15942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.15942","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}