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All criteria use the same format: (1) presence of infection\/fever; (2) clinical features including encephalopathy; (3) neuroradiological features on magnetic resonance imaging; (4) exclusion of other causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We first highlighted differences between ITES and infectious and autoimmune encephalitis, which is the most important differential diagnosis. Consensus was achieved to define five specific ITESs: acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion; acute necrotizing encephalopathy; mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion; acute fulminant cerebral oedema; and acute shock with encephalopathy and multiorgan failure. Two further conditions that are currently classified as epilepsy syndromes but have similar features to ITES, namely febrile infection\u2010related epilepsy syndrome and hemiconvulsion\u2013hemiplegia\u2013epilepsy syndrome, are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The consensus definition is expected to improve awareness of this disease concept, provide diagnostic framework, and facilitate future international research and clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T01:34:54Z","timestamp":1723685694000},"page":"195-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["International consensus definitions for infection\u2010triggered encephalopathy syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8736-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain &amp; Neurosciences Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Neurology Service KK Women's and Children's Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Debinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6704-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Eyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Children's Neurosciences Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velda X.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat\u2010National University Children's Medical Institute National University Health System  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah F.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroservices Starship Children's Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics St 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Health University of Sydney  Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6395-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Nosadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health University Hospital of Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology Group Paediatric Research Institute \u2018Citt\u00e0 della Speranza\u2019  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010ichi","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Mizuguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of 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