{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:32:15Z","timestamp":1783488735764,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000262","name":"Foundation Fighting Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000262","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo\u2010optic\u2010pituitary dysplasia (SOD) morbidities and comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective population\u2010based study with a case\u2013control design was undertaken using administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada. Cases were 124 patients with ONH or SOD (70 males, 54 females; age range 6\u2009months\u201336\u2009years 8\u2009months [mean 13\u2009years, SD 7\u2009years 2\u2009months]) diagnosed from 1990 to 2019, matched to 620 unrelated population\u2010based controls (350 males, 270 females; age range 0\u201336\u2009years 8\u2009months [mean 12\u2009years 5\u2009months, SD 7\u2009years 2\u2009months]) on birth year, sex, and area of residence. Additionally, 76 cases with ONH or SOD (46 males, 30 females; age range 2\u2009years 5\u2009months\u201336\u2009years 8\u2009months [mean 13\u2009years 11\u2009months, SD 7\u2009years 3\u2009months]) were matched one\u2010to\u2010one with sibling controls (40 males, 36 females; age range 7\u2009months\u201333\u2009years 1\u2009month [mean 11\u2009years 8\u2009months, SD 7\u2009years 3\u2009months]). We used <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or Fisher's exact tests to test for differences in prevalence in morbidities and comorbidities between cases and controls; odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for differences in subgroups of cases; hazard ratios and 95% CIs were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual impairment and visual impairment with hypopituitarism were core morbidities associated with ONH and SOD cases respectively compared to unrelated controls (OR\u2009=\u200958.6, 95% CI\u2009=\u200922.5\u2013152.5; OR\u2009=\u2009243.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u200932.9\u20131799.0 respectively). Developmental delay or intellectual disability (OR\u2009=\u20096.9, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.3\u201314.4), autism spectrum disorder (OR\u2009=\u20094.0, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.0\u20138.3), epilepsy (OR\u2009=\u200914.9, 95% CI\u2009=\u20096.1\u201336.5), cerebral palsy (OR\u2009=\u200940.9, 95% CI\u2009=\u200914.0\u2013119.6), and mood or anxiety disorders (OR\u2009=\u20091.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.0\u20132.8) were the comorbidities more common among cases with ONH and SOD. Cases matched to siblings showed similar results except for mood and anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual impairment and visual impairment with hypopituitarism are the main morbidities in patients with ONH and SOD respectively, while developmental delay or intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and mood or anxiety disorders are important comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1736778298000},"page":"941-952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Morbidities and comorbidities associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and septo\u2010optic\u2010pituitary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea A.","family":"Ruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina S.","family":"Yogendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba  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