{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:03:13Z","timestamp":1789610593809,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO\u2010OP) approach, a goal\u2010oriented intervention focused on participation, is designed to improve performance by addressing personal goals important to children and their families. Introduced in 2001, CO\u2010OP involves client\u2010chosen functional goals, identifying performance issues through a process of dynamic performance analysis, and guiding the discovery of cognitive strategies to enhance skill acquisition, all within a problem\u2010solving framework. The objectives of the approach are skill acquisition, strategy use, generalization, and transfer of learning. Developed within a research paradigm, a review of the literature indicates that CO\u2010OP research has expanded, documenting its use across various paediatric populations, including children with neurodevelopmental disorders, cerebral palsy, and movement disorders, addressing a myriad of functional goals. In this review we illustrate the iterative development of CO\u2010OP from single\u2010case experimental designs to randomized controlled trials to evaluate the approach. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale are the most common outcome measures. Methodological advancements, limitations, and an initial exploration of mechanisms of action are discussed, providing a foundation for further research and clinical application. Recommendations include the use of consistent measures, robust longitudinal studies, implementation research, and health economic analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T17:38:52Z","timestamp":1741714732000},"page":"977-985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance approach in childhood\u2010onset disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hortensia","family":"Gimeno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Bone and Joint Health, Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London  London UK"},{"name":"The Royal London Hospital and Tower Hamlets Community Children's Therapy Services Barts Health NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Polatajko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Enabling occupation in children: the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO\u2010OP) approach","author":"Polatajko H","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(01)00034-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506073494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03962.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280902822278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9739-8"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Verbal self\u2010guidance as a treatment technique for children with developmental coordination disorder","volume":"60","author":"Wilcox A","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Verbal self\u2010guidance as a treatment approach for children with developmental coordination disorder: a systematic replication study","volume":"18","author":"Martini R","year":"1998","journal-title":"OTJR (Thorofare N J)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v20n02_08"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01942638.2010.510381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153944920702700402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030802260406700604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2024.050131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Effectiveness of CO\u2010OP approach for children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review","author":"Madieu E","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO\u2010OP): a new approach for children with cerebral palsy","author":"Cameron D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","article-title":"Parents' experience of undertaking an intensive cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO\u2010OP) group for children with cerebral palsy","volume":"1","author":"Jackman M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26502\/jppch.74050077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2021.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","article-title":"Cognitive strategy training in childhood\u2010onset movement disorders: replication across therapists","volume":"8","author":"Gimeno H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"Using the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO\u2010OP) treatment approach with adults with stroke: efficacy and adaptations","author":"McEwen S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314558602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699050903421107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011003638194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2022.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01942638.2014.957428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0346-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1213-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15453\/2168-6408.1765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1070298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","volume-title":"Canadian Occupational Performance Measure","author":"Law M","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.913702"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","article-title":"The relative merits of an individualised versus a generic approach to rating functional performance in childhood dystonia","volume":"25","author":"Gimeno H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103862"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v24n04_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2016.07.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","article-title":"Addressing social, emotional, and organizational goals for a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO\u2010OP) approach","volume":"3","author":"Czmowski GM","year":"2014","journal-title":"JOSEA"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01942631003761554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05781-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1496152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2043459"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/15394492-20080901-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v27n04_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01942638.2010.500893"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2023.1241981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-210085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417420946608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0000000000000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8209128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2017.1417476"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2021.101535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1861(08)70002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15453\/2168-6408.1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417420941980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach and transfer: a scoping review","author":"Houldin A","year":"2017","journal-title":"OTJR (Thorofare N J)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417416651277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","volume-title":"Single case experimental designs. Strategies for studying behavior change","author":"Barlow D","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2011.09010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2012.001784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2182\/cjot.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-161416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13329"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.16260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:56:16Z","timestamp":1756256176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.16260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.16260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.16260","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}