{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:08Z","timestamp":1787014088835,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe seizure prevalence in childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD) and the relationship to disease severity\/progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective observational cross\u2010sectional study of patients with CCALD at two leukodystrophy centers between 2008 and 2024 compared to patients with X\u2010linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X\u2010ALD) without cerebral lesions. Patients with CCALD were under 18\u2009years old, had genetically confirmed X\u2010ALD, and had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistent with CCALD. Statistics included: descriptive values (mean, median, range) and clinical variables compared using Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests for patient age, MRI score, functional status, electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, and seizure characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 86 male children with CCALD, 25 (29%) experienced seizures, of whom 22 (88%) received their X\u2010ALD diagnosis after onset of CCALD symptoms, and 45% (10\/22) of these were diagnosed directly because of seizure. Seizure severity correlated with worse functional status and MRI\/Loes score; no seizures occurred with Loes score less than 6. All reported seizures were motor. In those with seizures with available EEG (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915), diffuse slowing was more common than epileptiform discharges (73.3% vs. 26.7% respectively). Of the 53 patients with X\u2010ALD without cerebral involvement, only 5.7% experienced seizures at any age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seizures in CCALD are not uncommon, indicating that X\u2010ALD should be considered for male children presenting with first\u2010time seizure. Seizures and seizure severity increase with advancing disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T10:09:39Z","timestamp":1744106979000},"page":"1494-1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seizures in childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian S.","family":"Eichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5749-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margie A.","family":"Ream","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0486-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-023-02843-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2022.2124857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-329235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"bluebird bio Receives FDA Accelerated Approval for SKYSONA\u00ae Gene Therapy for Early Active Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Adrenoleukodystrophy: a scoring method for brain MR observations","volume":"15","author":"Loes DJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181eee46b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09889-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.158198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/8904_2015_446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200101000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01659-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1991.tb00699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820946154"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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