{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:04:03Z","timestamp":1792152243931,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1195602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1195602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012256","name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG6916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG6916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of screening tools for neuromotor concerns indicative of cerebral palsy (CP) at 18\u2009months corrected age by using the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and\/or Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) in West Bengal, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective substudy tested psychometrics of screening tools nested within an overarching randomized control trial. A total of 785 infants with birth\/infant\u2010detectable risk factors, aged 12 to 40\u2009weeks corrected age (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009422 male, mean corrected age 22.6\u2009weeks, SD = 10.2), were recruited. Infants were screened for \u2018high\u2010risk CP\u2019 using the GMA (absent\/abnormal fidgety, 12\u201317\u2009weeks corrected age) and\/or HINE (3\u2009months\u2009&lt;\u200956, 6\u2009months\u2009&lt;\u200959, 9\u2009months\u2009&lt;\u200962, 18\u201340\u2009weeks corrected age). \u2018Neuromotor concerns indicative of CP\u2019 were classified at 18\u2009months corrected age by a physician from a videoed neurological examination and semi\u2010structured movement protocol. We analysed the results (1) using Gwet's AC1 and (2) for sensitivity and specificity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interrater reproducibility was strong (Gwet's AC1\u2009=\u20090.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A total of 165 out of 749 assessments were screened as \u2018high\u2010risk CP\u2019 (22.0%; 95% confidence interval 19.2\u201325.1). The screening programme (GMA\/HINE) was 80.1% accurate (GMA [only] sensitivity\u2009=\u200987.8%, specificity\u2009=\u200944.4%; HINE [only] sensitivity\u2009=\u200994.0%, specificity\u2009=\u200960.0%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GMA and\/or HINE are reliable and accurate tools for screening high\u2010risk populations in India, and may be useful in other low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries to identify infants with neuromotor concerns indicative of CP who could be triaged to early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T07:59:53Z","timestamp":1750147193000},"page":"1554-1563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Early detection of infants with neurodevelopmental concerns indicative of cerebral palsy in a lower middle\u2010income country (India)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7252-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Benfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asis K.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Cerebral Palsy  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayak","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Cerebral Palsy  Kolkata India"},{"name":"Institute of Post\u2010Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golam","family":"Moula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asha Bhavan Centre  Uluberia India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjan","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Development Centre Apollo Gleneagles Hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naila Zaman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Protibhondi Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5344-9907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koa","family":"Whittingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3670-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child &amp; Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasaka","family":"Bandaranayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6001-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iona","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child &amp; Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roslyn N.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Early Intervention for Children Aged 0 to 2\u2009Years With or at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy","author":"Morgan C","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews. 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