{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:05:20Z","timestamp":1789635920175,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012256","name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRG10421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG10421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) among children in rural areas of Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study on children with CP younger than 18\u2009years from a rural district registered in the Malawi Cerebral Palsy Register. Community child protection workers, trained as CP key informants, identified children with CP using a population\u2010based approach. A multidisciplinary medical team ascertained the CP diagnosis before registration. The children's baseline characteristics, CP risk factors, and comorbidities were documented. Descriptive and inferential analyses were completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 911 children were screened (December 2023\u2013June 2024), and 538 were registered (median [interquartile range] age\u2009=\u20095\u2009years 11\u2009months [range: 2\u2009years 7\u2009months\u201311\u2009years 10\u2009months], 59.3%\u00a0male). Bilateral spastic CP was the most common type (46.3%), with most children (90.5%) classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III to V. The observed CP prevalence was 1.7 per 1000 children. Perinatal asphyxia (40.5%) and cerebral malaria (12.3%) were the most common \u2018probable causes\u2019. Institutional deliveries were reported in 95.1% and prolonged or obstructed labour was the most reported labour complication (42.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that preventable causes are the main drivers of CP in Malawi. As such, factors in the health care system that contribute to these causes need to be evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T05:35:41Z","timestamp":1755754541000},"page":"651-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thembi J.","family":"Katangwe\u2010Chirwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Kamuzu University of Health Sciences in Malawi (KUHeS)  Blantyre Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7077-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israt","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSF Global  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Asian Institute of Disability and Development  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University  Rockhampton Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Central Queensland Public Health Unit Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services  Rockhampton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Chitedze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department Mulanje District Hospital  Mulanje Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talumba","family":"Mankhokwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital  Blantyre 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