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Methodological quality and measurement properties were evaluated using established standards for assessing outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 210 studies across various paediatric conditions. Measurement property studies examined eight conditions: acquired brain injury, spinal muscular atrophy, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, Down syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), leukodystrophy, and Pompe disease. Evidence quality was generally low to very low owing to small sample sizes and methodological limitations. Reliability showed sufficient ratings across most conditions. Content validity was examined only for ALL and demonstrated sufficient ratings. Responsiveness and construct validity showed variable results across conditions. Clinical application analysis revealed inadequate methodological reporting and widespread use without appropriate validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GMFM validation for conditions other than CP remains insufficient despite widespread use. Content validity verification and enhanced methodological rigor are critically needed. Clinicians should interpret results cautiously until robust validation is established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T03:34:11Z","timestamp":1755228851000},"page":"1421-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of the Gross Motor Function Measure in children with conditions other than cerebral palsy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care and Child Development Saitama Children's Medical Center  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Kitakyushu Children's Rehabilitation Center  Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Himuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM\u201066 & GMFM\u201088) User's Manual","author":"Russell DJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(02)04896-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.08.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0000000000000661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"AbeH HigashiS HimuroN.The Gross Motor Function Measure application in children with diagnosis and disease groups other than cerebral palsy.2023(CRD42023430171)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1798-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9606-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"CanChild Outcome Measures Rating Form","author":"Law M.","journal-title":"CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"MokkinkLB PrinsenCAC PatrickDL et\u00a0al.COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).2018.https:\/\/cosmin.nl\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/COSMIN\u2010syst\u2010review\u2010for\u2010PROMs\u2010manual_version\u20101_feb\u20102018.pdf. 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