{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T20:50:59Z","timestamp":1785790259957,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the aetiologies and long\u2010term seizure outcomes in early childhood epilepsy in a low\u2010 to middle\u2010income country (India).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective descriptive study enrolled 231 children with epilepsy onset before age 5\u2009years, over a 12\u2010month period. A comprehensive neuroradiological and genetic evaluation was performed. Differences in epilepsy and neurodevelopmental profiles of the two most common acquired causes \u2013 neonatal hypoglycaemic brain injury (NHBI) and neonatal asphyxial brain injury (NABI) \u2013 were analysed. Seizure control at 24\u2010month follow\u2010up could be confirmed for 209 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 172 (74%) patients, an aetiology could be identified. The structural group was the most common (126, 55%), followed by unknown (48, 21%), genetic (41, 18%), and metabolic (5, 2%). At 24\u2010month follow\u2010up, 57 (27%) patients had poor seizure control. NHBI was the most common single cause (50, 22%) of epilepsy. NHBI was associated with focal seizures (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), autistic features (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05), and hypotonia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), while NABI more often led to epileptic spasms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) and hypertonia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NHBI was the leading cause of epilepsy in our cohort. These findings highlight the need to revise newborn feeding practices to reduce the long\u2010term burden of epilepsy among Indian children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T03:54:21Z","timestamp":1755230061000},"page":"511-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neonatal hypoglycaemic brain injury, a common cause of early\u2010childhood epilepsy in India: A prospective longitudinal study on aetiologies and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Chitra","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Santokba Durlabhji Hospital  Jaipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhuvandeep","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Revvity Omics  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Thenral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med Genome Labs  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Santokba Durlabhji Hospital  Jaipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagnik","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistician, Department of Economics Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Ramprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med Genome Labs  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakthivel","family":"Murugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med Genome Labs  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radio\u2010diagnosis Santokba Durlabhji Hospital  Jaipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv Kumar","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Santokba Durlabhji Hospital  Jaipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8879-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Neurosciences Centre Neoclinic Children's Hospital  Jaipur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826c1b55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00247-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738231174493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2020.100397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Neonatal hypoglycemic brain \u2013 injury a common cause of infantile onset remote symptomatic epilepsy","volume":"46","author":"Udani V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2022.100575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Difficult to control epilepsy in childhood\u2010A long\u2010term study of 123 cases","volume":"30","author":"Udani VP","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.sihfwrajasthan.com\/Projected%20Populations.html. 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