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Outcomes pertaining to improved hand use (Assisting Hand Assessment, AHA), goal attainment (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, COPM), and self\u2010care were analysed with therapies classified into 15 discrete categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Quantitative analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091629) was performed. Compared with control, treatment effect on hand function (AHA mean difference, standard error) was greater for bimanual therapy (BiM: 4.6, 1.0), modified constraint\u2010induced movement therapy (mCIMT; 4.0, 1.0), goal\u2010directed therapy (GDT; 3.8, 1.6), action observation (4.9, 1.1), and mCIMT\u2009+\u2009intensive (7.4, 2.5). For COPM performance, treatment effect was greater for cognitive orientation to occupational performance (CO\u2010OP; 5.9, 1.4), BiM (3.3, 0.4), mCIMT (2.5, 0.5), GDT (2.3, 0.7), mirror therapy (2.6, 1.2), and mCIMT\u2009+\u2009GDT (4.2, 1.1). For self\u2010care, treatment effect (standardized mean difference, standard error) was greater for BiM (0.39, 0.10), mCIMT (0.37, 0.08), and mCIMT\u2009+\u2009GDT (0.43, 0.32).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BiM and mCIMT were confirmed as effective interventions for hand function, self\u2010care, and individual goal achievement. Mirror therapy, CO\u2010OP, and four different combination approaches feature single studies, small sample sizes, and high risk of bias, requiring further clinical trials to confirm efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.16476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1757082608000},"page":"1543-1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Active upper\u2010limb therapies for hand function, individual goal achievement, and self\u2010care in children with cerebral palsy: A\u00a0network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8697-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Burgess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Children's Health Queensland Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Chatfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Hermith\u2010Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5467-1649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Jackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Thorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Health Queensland Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Reedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute The University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roslyn N.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5395-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leanne","family":"Sakzewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD 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