{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:08Z","timestamp":1787014088701,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012256","name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the extent to which specific patho\u2010aetiological subgroups contributed to declines in prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) observed in many high\u2010income countries over this millennium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This epidemiological study used data from the Victorian CP Register on 2303 children born in Victoria between 2000 and 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess trends in birth cohort prevalence of CP per 100 000 live births for well\u2010defined subgroups based on likely causal pathway, birth condition, and neonatal course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear rate decreases were seen for two subgroups: (1) children born before 35\u2009weeks' gestation with perinatal insults (annual percent change \u22123.12 [95% confidence interval\u2009\u2212\u20094.63, \u22121.58]) and (2) children born from 35\u2009weeks with perinatal, non\u2010focal hypoxic\u2010ischaemic insults and encephalopathy (annual percent change \u22125.98 [95% confidence interval\u2009\u2212\u20098.46, \u22123.44]). Evidence was lacking for sustained decreases in CP rates for subgroups of children with early developmental causes, perinatal arterial ischaemic strokes, predominant white matter injury patterns in association with birth from 35\u2009weeks, and postneonatal causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The steepest declines in rates of CP in Victoria were for causal subgroups involving perinatal cerebral insults and significant neonatal complications, suggesting that advances in perinatal care may be driving the decreasing CP rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:15:46Z","timestamp":1777526146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causal subgroups and declining rates of cerebral palsy in Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9415-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan M.","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodisability and Rehabilitation Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Neurodevelopment and Disability The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2618-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina L.","family":"Hinwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodisability and Rehabilitation Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Neurodevelopment and Disability The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service Monash Children's Hospital  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Perinatal Medicine The Mercy Hospital for Women  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela T.","family":"Guzys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodisability and Rehabilitation Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Neurodevelopment and Disability The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rod W.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash Newborn Monash Health  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3634-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinah S.","family":"Reddihough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodisability and Rehabilitation Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Neurodevelopment and Disability The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70149","article-title":"Updated description of cerebral palsy","volume":"68","author":"Dan B","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and causal 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