{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:47:16Z","timestamp":1790912836984,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01NS082330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01NS082330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB009756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB009756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the association of neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Child Opportunity Index (COI) with 4\u2010year cognitive outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n This was a cross\u2010sectional analysis of 4\u2010year outcomes (interquartile range [IQR]\u00a0=\u00a048\u201352\u2009months) in a single\u2010center prospective cohort of term neonatal encephalopathy (1993\u20132017). Therapeutic hypothermia began in 2007. Watershed and basal ganglia\/thalamus injury was scored on day\u20104 MRI (IQR\u00a0=\u00a03\u20136) by a blinded pediatric neuroradiologist. Zip code at birth determined the COI composite and subscores (0\u2013100). The primary outcome was 4\u2010year full\u2010scale, verbal, and performance\u00a0IQ on the Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 149 children (77 males, 72 females) with neonatal encephalopathy, the median full\u2010scale\u00a04\u2010year IQ was 101 (IQR\u00a0=\u00a081\u2013112), verbal\u00a0IQ was 97 (IQR\u00a0=\u00a079\u2013112), and performance\u00a0IQ was 100 (IQR\u00a0=\u00a084\u2013112). Basal ganglia\/thalamus injury was associated with lower full\u2010scale, verbal, and performance IQ, adjusting for therapeutic hypothermia and birth characteristics. An increasing composite COI was associated with higher full\u2010scale and verbal IQ adjusting for MRI injury, therapeutic hypothermia, and birth characteristics. Every 10\u2010point increase in COI was independently associated with a 2\u2010point increase in full\u2010scale IQ (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.8\u20133.2,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and 2.6\u2010point increase in verbal IQ (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.3\u20133.8,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n Neighborhood\u2010level social drivers of health are associated with cognition after neonatal encephalopathy, regardless of MRI findings. These data highlight modifiable opportunities after hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:20:26Z","timestamp":1778905226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MRI<\/scp>\n , Child Opportunity Index, and 4\u2010year cognitive outcome after neonatal encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Bach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Song","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. James","family":"Barkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Barkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Ferriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Gano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British 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