{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1792789612123,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of organized sports\u2010based interventions on motor outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four databases were searched from inception to November 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non\u2010randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) reporting motor outcomes of organized sports\u2010based interventions in children with ASD. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROB\u20102 (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, Version Two) for RCTs and ROBINS\u2010I (Risk Of Bias In Non\u2010randomized Studies \u2013 of Interventions) for NRCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven studies (six RCTs, five NRCTs) were included and categorized as martial arts (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05), aquatic training (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02), gymnastics and trampoline (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03), and other sports (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02); one study was included under both martial arts and aquatic categories. Interventions most consistently improved balance (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.18\u20134.99), locomotor skills (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.63\u20132.02), total motor scores (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.61\u20133.90), and object control skills (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.10\u20133.83), with effects predominantly moderate to large across martial arts and aquatic training. Risk of bias was high in five RCTs and of some concern in one; among NRCTs, four were serious risk and one critical risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Organized sports\u2010based interventions may improve gross motor skills in children with ASD, with martial arts and aquatic training demonstrating the most consistent benefits; however, overall certainty of evidence is limited, and higher\u2010quality studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:01:35Z","timestamp":1784703695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Organized sports\u2010based interventions and motor outcomes in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Kailash","family":"Ram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Macon &amp; Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeren","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Macon &amp; Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellmer School of Nursing, Macon &amp; Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Virginia Medical School, Macon &amp; Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Eastern Virginia Medical School\/Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters  Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3993-3580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellmer College of Health Sciences, Macon &amp; Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7402a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010021\u201001280\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010023\u201005948\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9786368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1714785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe10010022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319885215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1132074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489\u2010019\u201000161\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474\u2010023\u201000277\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"NCAA.com \u2013 The Official Website of NCAA Championships | NCAA.com [Internet]. 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