{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:19:23Z","timestamp":1783365563983,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To reach an agreed approach to define developmental regression, to improve understanding of aetiology, prevalence, and timing of investigations, and provide standardized and consistent care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Developmental regression is a symptom of several developmental, epileptic, genetic, and metabolic conditions (e.g. autism, Rett syndrome, childhood dementias, and Landau\u2013Kleffner syndrome). An expert interdisciplinary clinician panel reviewed the literature for existing definitions and formulated a survey using the Delphi method. Health care clinician perspectives on key elements required for a definition were sought. The survey was completed over two rounds and consensus was defined as a minimum of 70% agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 76 clinicians who completed the first\u2010round survey, 41 completed the second round (54%). Consensus was reached on the following definition. Developmental regression refers to: (1) skill(s) loss experienced during childhood lasting a minimum of 4\u2009weeks, and (2) occurring in at least 1 of 6 developmental domains (verbal communication, nonverbal communication, functional motor skills, cognition, social skills, and self\u2010help skills).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A working definition of developmental regression is proposed. The intention is that this definition will undergo improvements through use and evaluation to increase its utility and uptake in clinical care and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:56:27Z","timestamp":1783364187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Consensus definition for developmental regression during childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Gauravi","family":"Gawade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-9258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellaina P","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Paediatrics Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1686-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Paediatrics Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6016-2157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Furley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Paediatrics Monash Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Paediatrics Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Developmental regression in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"15","author":"Al Backer NB","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sudan J Paediatr."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04183-x","article-title":"Characteristics, early development and outcome of parent\u2010reported regression in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"49","author":"Boterberg S","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2017.01.013","article-title":"Developmental regression: assessment and investigations","volume":"27","author":"Holland J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rare.2024.100022","article-title":"The diagnostic odyssey for children living with a rare disease: caregiver and patient perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Pavisich K","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rare."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"\u00dcber Dementia infantilis: Verbl\u00f6dungsprozess im Kindesalter","volume":"2","author":"Heller T.","year":"1908","journal-title":"Journal for the Research and Treatment of Adolescent Feeblemindedness."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14126","article-title":"Childhood disintegrative disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Mehra C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Autistic disturbances of affective contact","volume":"2","author":"Kanner L.","year":"1943","journal-title":"Nerv Child."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2463","article-title":"Prevalence and age of onset of regression in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta\u2010analytical update","volume":"14","author":"Tan C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.03.012","article-title":"Changing conceptualizations of regression: what prospective studies reveal about the onset of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"100","author":"Ozonoff S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2023.09.001","article-title":"Developmental regression in children: current and future directions","volume":"169","author":"Furley K","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cortex."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"On an unusual brain atrophy syndrome in hyperammonemia in childhood","volume":"116","author":"Rett A.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140412","article-title":"A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia and loss of purposeful hand use in girls (Rett syndrome): report of 35 cases","volume":"14","author":"Hagberg B","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22124","article-title":"Rett syndrome: revised diagnostic criteria and nomenclature","volume":"68","author":"Neul JL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18265","article-title":"Operational definition of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies to underpin the design of therapeutic trials","volume":"66","author":"Scheffer IE","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Landau\u2013Kleffner syndrome","author":"Muzio MR","year":"2024","journal-title":"StatPearls."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","article-title":"Landau\u2013Kleffner syndrome, attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and viral\/autoimmune encephalitis: challenges in diagnosis and management of a six\u2010year\u2010old boy","volume":"16","author":"Althagafi L","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.001","article-title":"Developmental skills and neurorehabilitation for children with Batten disease: a retrospective chart review of a comprehensive Batten clinic","volume":"152","author":"Bican R","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14691","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration in children","volume":"63","author":"Verity C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.11.015","article-title":"Childhood dementia: a collective clinical approach to advance therapeutic development and care","volume":"139","author":"Djafar JV","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002","article-title":"Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies","volume":"67","author":"Diamond IR","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v11.i4.116","article-title":"Delphi methodology in healthcare research: how to decide its appropriateness","volume":"11","author":"Nasa P","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Methodol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032829","article-title":"Use of Delphi in health sciences research: a narrative review","volume":"102","author":"Shang Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","article-title":"Developmental regression in children: a scoping review of definitions and measures","author":"Furley K","year":"2024","journal-title":"In press."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","volume-title":"Version XM","author":"Qualtrics","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70149","article-title":"Updated description of cerebral palsy","volume":"68","author":"Dan B","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2025-003594","article-title":"Towards an agreed approach to investigate children with developmental regression","volume":"9","author":"Furley K","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open."},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04348.x","article-title":"Global perspective on early diagnosis and intervention for children with developmental delays and disabilities","volume":"54","author":"Scherzer AL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2006.00690.x","article-title":"Learning from mothers: how myths, policies and practices affect the detection of subtle developmental problems in children","volume":"33","author":"Williams J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.70392","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dmcn.70392","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.70392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:56:34Z","timestamp":1783364194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.70392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.70392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.70392","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"dmcn.70392"}}