{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:01:48Z","timestamp":1788498108474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006597","name":"Florida State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007472","name":"University of Kentucky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2110504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2110504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To characterize age\u2010specific patterns of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and identify symptom profiles, as well as their associations with demographic and disease\u2010specific factors, in a large international sample of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n Observational data from 904 assessments in 656 children with NF1 (age mean [SD] 9\u2009years 6\u2009months [3\u2009years 11\u2009months]; range 3\u201318\u2009years; 43.4% female) across eight institutions were pooled. With a cross\u2010sectional design, age\u2010varying ADHD symptom patterns were examined using time\u2010varying effect modeling; latent profile analysis was used to classify symptom profiles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Across ages 3 to 17\u2009years, children with NF1 showed elevated inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity relative to the normative mean, with inverted U\u2010shaped age patterns peaking around age 10\u2009years. Four ADHD profiles emerged: typical range (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0416; 46.0%); severe combined (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0199; 22.0%); mild combined (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0181; 20.0%); and predominantly inattentive (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0108; 12.0%). Greater symptom severity was associated with female sex and lower parental education.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n ADHD symptoms in children with NF1 were elevated across ages, with the greatest symptom burden in middle childhood, alongside substantial heterogeneity in symptom presentation. These findings underscore the need for early recognition, ongoing monitoring, and individualized interventions to mitigate long\u2010term academic, social, and functional impacts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:50:34Z","timestamp":1785390634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in neurofibromatosis type 1"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxiu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Wolters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0932-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonita P.","family":"Klein\u2010Tasman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin S.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Washington D.C USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie A.","family":"Pride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4472-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester & Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0461-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autism Services, Science, and Innovation, Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafit","family":"Gilboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Occupational Therapy Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-3845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.4","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"3","author":"Gutmann DH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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