{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:09:18Z","timestamp":1789186158993,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the current evidence on physical therapy interventions for children and adolescents with myelomeningocele, the most complex and common presentation of spina bifida, to explore intervention components and the outcomes according to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains, and to evaluate the level of evidence and methodological quality of the studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MEDLINE\/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, and BVS databases were searched from inception to May 2026. Methodological quality was appraised using JBI critical appraisal tools, and levels of evidence were based on recommendations of the Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 36 studies were included, involving 532 children and adolescents aged from 1\u2009month to 18\u00a0years. The most frequently investigated interventions were electrical stimulation (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09), treadmill training (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04), and whole\u2010body vibration (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03). Eighteen studies were rated as high methodological quality, ten as moderate quality, and eight as low quality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A wide range of physical therapy interventions have been investigated for children and adolescents with myelomeningocele across multiple ICF domains. Although interventions such as electrical stimulation, treadmill training, serial casting, and laser therapy showed favorable outcomes in specific domains, the available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, precluding definitive conclusions about their effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.70501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:36:02Z","timestamp":1789184162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical therapy interventions for children and adolescents with myelomeningocele: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1466-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena Costa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6599-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Saraiva","family":"Christov\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Palisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Drexel University  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2719-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina Resende","family":"Camargos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2005.102.3.0268","article-title":"Spinal lesion level in spina bifida: a source of neural and cognitive heterogeneity","volume":"102","author":"Fletcher JM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.93","article-title":"Epidemiologic and genetic aspects of spina bifida and other neural tube defects","volume":"16","author":"Au KS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Disabil Res 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