{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:17:45Z","timestamp":1790705865395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A simple non\u2010invasive indicator test (Neuropad<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) has been developed for the assessment of sweating and, hence, cholinergic innervation in the diabetic foot. The present review summarizes current knowledge on this diagnostic test. The diagnostic ability of this test is based on a colour change from blue to pink at 10\u2003min, with excellent reproducibility, which lends itself to patient self\u2010examination. It has a high sensitivity (65.1\u2013100%) and negative predictive value (63\u2013100%), with moderate specificity (32\u201378.5%) and positive predictive value (23.3\u201393.2%) for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It also has moderate to high sensitivity (59.1\u201389%) and negative predictive value (64.7\u201391%), but low to moderate specificity (27\u201378%) and positive predictive value (24\u201348.6%) for the diagnosis of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. There are some data to suggest that Neuropad can detect early diabetic neuropathy, but this needs further evaluation. It remains to be established whether this test can predict foot ulceration and amputation, thereby contributing to the identification of high\u2010risk patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Diabet. Med. 30, 525\u2013534 (2013)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T19:14:44Z","timestamp":1346094884000},"page":"525-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A simple new non\u2010invasive sweat indicator test for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Papanas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J. M.","family":"Boulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Manes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Spallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Tentolouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Valensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kempler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1463-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1615"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.7.1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.6.1480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Early detection of changes in the feet of diabetic patients with indicator test Neuropad","volume":"17","author":"Schnell O","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Heart"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ed080p610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Early detection of peripheral neuropathy. Measurement of perspiration in the diabetic foot","volume":"32","author":"Zick R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Klinikarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837735"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20551"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c7da4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.2.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721707299661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.11.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.5.836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2006.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Sweat function evaluation for early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"27","author":"Shen J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0987-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","first-page":"729","article-title":"The Neuropad test in the screening of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients","volume":"22","author":"Freitas C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","first-page":"A177","article-title":"Evaluation of the Neuropad sudomotor function test as a screening tool for polyneuropathy in the elderly population with diabetes and prediabetes. The KORA F4 survey","volume":"54","author":"Ziegler D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1261934"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","first-page":"A1154","article-title":"The association between Neuropad testing with peripheral neuropathy in diabetes: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"54","author":"Tentolouris N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-955098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","first-page":"238\u2010OR","article-title":"Validation of a new skin test as a screening tool in identifying patients with peripheral nerve dysfunction and at risk for foot ulceration: a multicenter study","author":"Manes C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1239"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","first-page":"A996","article-title":"Assessment of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in type\u20032 diabetic patients using Neuropad: a new indicator plaster for detection of disturbed sweat secretion","volume":"48","author":"Chon S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02877707"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","first-page":"A1107","article-title":"Validation of a new diabetic autonomic neuropathy bedside test (plaster) versus the cardiovascular reflex tests","volume":"49","author":"Didangelos TP","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-872912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","first-page":"A1112","article-title":"Neuropad and corneal confocal microscopy: new indicators for human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"53","author":"Tavakoli M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.113"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:25:43Z","timestamp":1695572743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.12000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.12000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12000","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-04-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}