{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:31:39Z","timestamp":1790379099948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,17]],"date-time":"2013-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of high\u2010polyphenol chocolate upon endothelial function and oxidative stress in Type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus during acute transient hyperglycaemia induced following a 75\u2010g oral glucose challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten subjects with Type\u00a02 diabetes underwent a double\u2010blinded randomized controlled crossover study. A 75\u2010g oral glucose load was used to induce hyperglycaemia, which was administered to participants 60\u00a0min after they had ingested either low (control) or high\u2010polyphenol chocolate. Participants undertook testing at weekly intervals, following an initial cocoa\u2010free period. Endothelial function was assessed by both functional [reactive hyperaemia peripheral artery tonometry (EndoPAT\u20102000) and serum markers (including intercellular adhesion molecule\u00a01, P\u2010selectin and P\u2010selectin glycoprotein ligand\u00a01]. Urinary 15\u2010F2t\u2010isoprostane adjusted for creatinine was used as an oxidative stress marker. Measurements were made at baseline and 2\u00a0h post\u2010ingestion of the glucose load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior consumption of high\u2010polyphenol chocolate before a glucose load improved endothelial function (1.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1 vs. 2.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), whereas prior consumption of control chocolate resulted in a significant increase in intercellular adhesion molecule\u00a01 (321.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.6 vs. 373.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.5\u00a0ng\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and 15\u2010F2t\u2010isoprostane (116.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7 vs. 207.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7\u00a0mg\/mol, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Analysis of percentage changes from baseline comparing control and high\u2010polyphenol chocolate showed a significant improvement for high\u2010polyphenol chocolate in both measures of endothelial function (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and for urinary 15\u2010F2t\u2010isoprostane (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010polyphenol chocolate protected against acute hyperglycaemia\u2010induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in individuals with Type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,6]],"date-time":"2012-10-06T05:09:15Z","timestamp":1349500155000},"page":"478-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["High\u2010polyphenol chocolate reduces endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress during acute transient hyperglycaemia in Type\u00a02 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"D. D.","family":"Mellor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Chester Chester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGMI University of Hull Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. S.","family":"Kilpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Atkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HONEI Hull York Medical School Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000215951.36219.a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf201398t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-9969(00)00068-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.131490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.023457"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.8.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/jnumecd.2011.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.275.6.H2191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414813a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051140"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T05:08:33Z","timestamp":1697605713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.12030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.12030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12030","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-03-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}