{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:16:16Z","timestamp":1780992976374,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]],"date-time":"2013-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated use and efficacy of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) receptor agonists in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>People starting a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist (exenatide, liraglutide) or insulin (glargine, detemir, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPH<\/jats:styled-content>) after a regimen of two or three oral glucose\u2010lowering agents were identified from The Health Information Network observational primary care database (2007\u20132011). Mean change in HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> and body weight were compared at 1\u00a0year between cohorts, adjusting for baseline characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01123) vs. insulin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01842) users were HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> 78 vs. 84\u00a0mmol\/mol (9.3 vs. 9.8%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> 38.2 vs. 30.9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist cohort was younger, had shorter diabetes duration and follow\u2010up, less microvascular disease and heart failure, higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and more use of oral glucose\u2010lowering agents. Lower HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> reduction on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist [7 vs. 13\u00a0mmol\/mol (0.6 vs. 1.2%) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0366 vs. 892)] was not statistically significant [adjusted mean difference \u22121.4 (95% CI \u22124.1, 1.2) mmol\/mol], except in the highest HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> quintile [&gt;96\u00a0mmol\/mol (&gt;10.9%); adjusted mean difference \u221217.8 (\u221228.6, \u22127.0) mmol\/mol]. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist users lost weight [\u22124.5 vs. +1.5\u00a0kg; adjusted mean difference 4.7 (3.7, 5.8) kg; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0335 vs. 634]. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> 6\u2010month target reduction for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonists of 11\u00a0mmol\/mol (1.0%) HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> and 3% weight was reached by 24.9% of those continuing treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Those starting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonists are heavier with better glycaemic control than those starting basal insulin. Subsequently, they have improved weight change, with similar HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> reduction unless baseline HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> is very high. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> 6\u2010month <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist target is usually not reached.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T08:42:37Z","timestamp":1358498557000},"page":"681-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Primary\u2010care observational database study of the efficacy of <scp>GLP<\/scp>\u20101 receptor agonists and insulin in the <scp>UK<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"G. C.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grimsdyke House London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow Dental School Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010P.","family":"Dain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes\u2013Metabolism Franchise Sanofi\u2010Aventis Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes\u2013Metabolism Franchise Sanofi\u2010Aventis Bridgewater NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. D.","family":"Home","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence NICE short clinical guideline 87\u2013Type 2 diabetes: Newer agents.2009. Available athttp:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/pdf\/CG87ShortGuideline.pdfLast accessed April 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-10-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-8-200510180-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1472-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60406-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"A283","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Who Initiated Exenatide BID or Insulin: 6\u2010Month Data from CHOICE","volume":"34","author":"Guerci B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"J Rosenstock M Dain R Bhushan P Home 2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","volume-title":"The READ Codes","author":"NHS Centre for Coding and Classification","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"British National Formulary 60","author":"Joint Formulary Committee","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"J Loh S Clement 2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2345"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60659-0"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12137","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dme.12137","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T23:24:46Z","timestamp":1700609086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.12137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.12137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12137","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-01-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-05-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}