{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T10:58:35Z","timestamp":1758970715764},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relationship between small dense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol and cardiac autonomic neuropathy among patients with Type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 175 patients who had not taken lipid\u2010lowering agents previously were enrolled consecutively in this study. Small dense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol level was measured using polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis, which fractionates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol into seven components according to particle size and charge. We analysed the mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol particle size and the proportion of small dense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (\u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) patient age was 56 (\u00b1 14) years, the mean (\u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) duration of diabetes was 10.3 (\u00b1 8.3) years, the mean (\u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) proportion of small dense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol was 21.3 (\u00b1 17.6)% and the mean (\u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol size was 26.33 (\u00b1 0.8) nm. Men with cardiac autonomic neuropathy had a longer duration of diabetes compared with those without cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Women with cardiac autonomic neuropathy had a larger waist circumference, higher plasma triglyceride levels, smaller mean (\u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol size [26.8 (\u00b1 4.3) nm vs 26.4 (\u00b1 6.9) nm; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01] and larger mean (\u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) proportion of small dense <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol [10.1 (\u00b1 9.9)% vs 19.1 (\u00b1 16.8)%; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01] compared with those without cardiac autonomic neuropathy. After adjusting for other confounding risk factors, the triglyceride\/ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol ratio (odds ratio = 1.698, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.07\u20132.69; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.025) and mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol size (odds ratio = 0.873, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.77\u20130.99; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.038) remained as independent risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A more atherogenic lipid profile such as the triglyceride: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol ratio and a smaller mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol particle size were related to the prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in women with Type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T18:57:32Z","timestamp":1363633052000},"page":"694-701","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Higher levels of small dense low\u2010density lipoprotein (<scp>LDL<\/scp>) are associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"E.\u2010H.","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Seoul 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