{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:39:25Z","timestamp":1774629565982,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify predictors of large and small for gestational age in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective audit of clinical data analysed for singleton births in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes by Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society guidelines from 1994 to 2009. Exclusions were: incomplete data, delivered at &lt;\u00a036\u00a0weeks gestation and\/or last recorded weight &gt;\u00a04\u00a0weeks pre\u2010delivery. We assessed: pre\u2010pregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, ethnicity, total maternal weight gain, weight gain before and after treatment initiation for gestational diabetes, HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> at gestational diabetes presentation and treatment modality (diet or insulin) and smoking. Birthweight was assessed using customized percentile charts (large for gestational age &gt;\u00a090th; small for gestational age &lt;\u00a010th percentile). Multiple regression analyses were undertaken; statistical significance was <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1695 women first seen at (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) 28.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3\u00a0weeks gestation (range 6\u201339). Ethnic mix was South\u2010East Asian 36.7%, Middle Eastern 27.6%, European 22.4%, Indian\/Pakistani 8.6%, Samoan 1.9%, African 1.5% and Maori 1.1%. Therapy was diet 69.1% and insulin 30.9%. Mean total weight gain was 12.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.1\u00a0kg, the majority (10.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.0\u00a0kg), gained before dietary intervention. There were 7.9% small for gestational age and 15.2% large for gestational age births. Significant independent large for gestational age predictors were: weight gain before intervention, pre\u2010pregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, weight gain after intervention and treatment type, but not HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> or smoking. Significant small for gestational age predictors were: weight gain before intervention, weight gain after intervention, but not pre\u2010pregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> or smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus concentrates on management of blood glucose levels. The trends identified here emphasize the need to also address pregnancy weight gain stratified by pre\u2010pregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T08:14:49Z","timestamp":1365063289000},"page":"1040-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Predictors of large and small for gestational age birthweight in offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Bankstown\u2010Lidcombe Hospital NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Edghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Bankstown\u2010Lidcombe Hospital NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Bankstown\u2010Lidcombe Hospital NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Holters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Bankstown\u2010Lidcombe Hospital NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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