{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:54:38Z","timestamp":1780354478510,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,29]],"date-time":"2013-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early studies have shown that magnesium intake decreases the risk of Type\u00a02 diabetes, but the results are still inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between magnesium intake and incidence of Type\u00a02 diabetes in a general Japanese population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1999 subjects without diabetes aged 40\u201379\u00a0years who underwent a 75\u2010g oral glucose tolerance test were followed up prospectively for a mean of 15.6\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the follow\u2010up, 417 subjects developed Type\u00a02 diabetes. The age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted incidence of Type\u00a02 diabetes significantly decreased with increasing magnesium intake quartile levels (\u2264\u00a0148.5, 148.6\u2013171.5, 171.6\u2013195.5 and \u2265\u00a0195.6\u00a0mg\/day, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.01). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors and other dietary factors, the hazard ratio of Type\u00a02 diabetes was 0.67 (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.49\u20130.92; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01) in the third quartile and 0.63 (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.44\u20130.90; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01) in the highest quartile compared with the first quartile. In addition, the risk of Type\u00a02 diabetes was 14% lower (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.04) for a 1\u2010<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> increment of log\u2010transformed magnesium intake in the multivariate\u2010adjusted model. In stratified analysis, there were statistically significant interactions between magnesium intake and levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein or alcohol intake on the risk of Type\u00a02 diabetes (all <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that increased magnesium intake was a significant protective factor for the incidence of Type\u00a02 diabetes in the general Japanese population, especially among subjects with insulin resistance, low\u2010grade inflammation and a drinking habit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T07:10:37Z","timestamp":1371021037000},"page":"1487-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Magnesium intake decreases Type\u00a02 diabetes risk through the improvement of insulin resistance and inflammation: the Hisayama Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Hata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medical Sciences Tokushima Japan"},{"name":"The Clinical Research Center for Diabetes Tokushima University Hospital Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion School of Health and Nutrition Sciences Nakamura\u2010Gakuen University Fukuoka 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