{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:44:43Z","timestamp":1780332283608,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are conflicting data on microvascular complications in coexisting Type\u00a01 diabetes and coeliac disease. We compared complications rates in youth with or without coeliac disease and examined the association between gluten\u2010free diet adherence and complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a comparative study of adolescents (2510 without coeliac disease, 129 with coeliac disease); 60 (47%) did not adhere to a gluten\u2010free diet\u2014defined as elevated anti\u2010tissue transglutaminase or endomysial immunoglobulin\u00a0A titres. Retinopathy was detected using 7\u2010field fundal photography and albumin excretion rate by timed overnight urine collections, with early elevation defined as albumin excretion rate \u2265\u00a07.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/min. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between complications and explanatory variables, including coeliac disease vs. no coeliac disease, gluten\u2010free diet adherence vs. non\u2010adherence, diabetes duration and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median age at last assessment was 16.5\u00a0years. Those with coeliac disease vs. those without were younger at diabetes diagnosis (7.1 vs. 8.6\u00a0years, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) and had longer diabetes duration (9.3 vs. 7.2\u00a0years, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was lower in those with coeliac disease vs. those without (67 vs. 70\u00a0mmol\/mol, 8.3 vs. 8.6%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.04) and adherence to a gluten\u2010free diet vs. non\u2010adherence (66 vs. 72\u00a0mmol\/mol, 8.2 vs. 8.7%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.003). There were no differences in complication rates between those with coeliac disease vs. those without (retinopathy 22 vs. 23%, elevated albumin excretion rate 31 vs. 28%). Non\u2010adherence to a gluten\u2010free diet was associated with elevated albumin excretion rate (40 vs. 23%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.04). In multivariable logistic regression, elevated albumin excretion rate was associated with non\u2010adherence to a gluten\u2010free diet (odds ratio\u00a02.37, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.04\u20135.40, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.04) and diabetes duration (odds ratio\u00a01.13, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.02\u20131.25, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.03), but not HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While glycaemic control is better in patients with coeliac disease, non\u2010adherence to a gluten\u2010free diet is associated with elevated albumin excretion rate. The possible protection of a gluten\u2010free diet on complications warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:42:18Z","timestamp":1381542138000},"page":"208-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Early elevation of albumin excretion rate is associated with poor gluten\u2010free diet adherence in young people with coeliac disease and diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Pham\u2010Short","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Sydney Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"C. Donaghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Sydney Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ambler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Sydney Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"K. Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cusumano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"E. Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Sydney Sydney"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1277-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-012-0395-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0766"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1999.12.3.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-2016-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.12.1811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.02047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"National Evidence\u2010Based Clinical Care Guidelines for Type\u00a01 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Adults","author":"Craig ME","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T02:51:00Z","timestamp":1696301460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.12329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.12329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12329","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-09-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}