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Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the hypothesis that female fetus is associated with greater maternal insulin resistance during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a singleton pregnancy cohort study (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>299), we compared maternal insulin resistance according to fetal sex, based on plasma biomarkers from a 50\u2010g 1\u2010h oral glucose tolerance test at 24\u201328\u00a0weeks gestation. The primary outcome was plasma glucose\u2010to\u2010insulin ratio. Other outcomes included plasma proinsulin\u2010to\u2010insulin ratio, and insulin, proinsulin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin\u2010like growth factor I and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for maternal race, age, parity, education, pre\u2010pregnancy BMI, smoking and alcohol use, history of gestational diabetes, and gestational age at blood sampling, plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher (mean \u00b1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>: 66.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a050.5 vs 51.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a046.1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mU<\/jats:styled-content>\/l; adjusted <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), and glucose\u2010to\u2010insulin ratios significantly lower (2.60\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.03 vs 3.77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.98 mg\/dl\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mU<\/jats:styled-content>\/l; adjusted <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002) in women bearing a female vs those bearing a male fetus, despite similar glucose levels (116.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a027.2 vs 117.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a031.9\u00a0mg\/dl; adjusted <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.92).There were no significant differences in proinsulin\u2010to\u2010insulin ratios, or leptin, adiponectin, insulin\u2010like growth factor I and insulin\u2010like growth factor II concentrations by fetal sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female fetus may be associated with greater maternal insulin resistance during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T07:13:48Z","timestamp":1407827628000},"page":"1696-1701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Female fetus is associated with greater maternal insulin resistance in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center University of Montreal Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center University of Montreal Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Nuyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center University of Montreal Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center University of Montreal Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. C.","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center University of Montreal Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao\u2010Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Insulin resistance during pregnancy","volume":"41","author":"Leturque A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-11-0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(84)80026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182342b7f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2007.S103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328330bc7a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3283357337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320310387843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1020151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/isl.3.5.16900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.20.15399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.11.4298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2005.124","article-title":"Fetal sex and leptin concentrations in pregnant females","volume":"25","author":"Al AF","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9500-2"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12562","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:43:21Z","timestamp":1696319001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.12562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.12562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12562","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}