{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:58Z","timestamp":1790675938431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In healthy subjects, the oral disposition index (ratio of insulin response to insulin sensitivity) is predictive of the development of Type\u00a02 diabetes. Gastric emptying, which exhibits a substantial interindividual variation, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and diabetes. We sought to determine whether the rate of intraduodenal glucose delivery affects the disposition index in people without diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen Caucasian males received glucose infusions via an intraduodenal catheter at either 2\u00a0kcal\/min (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>2) or 4\u00a0kcal\/min (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>4) for 120\u00a0min, on two separate days with measurements of blood glucose (G) and plasma insulin (I) at frequent intervals. The insulin response was estimated by the ratio of the change in insulin to that of change in glucose at 30\u00a0min (\u2206I<jats:sub>0\u201330<\/jats:sub>\/\u2206G<jats:sub>0\u201330<\/jats:sub>) and 60\u00a0min (\u2206I<jats:sub>0\u201360<\/jats:sub>\/\u2206G<jats:sub>0\u201360<\/jats:sub>). Insulin sensitivity was estimated as 1\/fasting insulin. The oral disposition index (DI) was calculated as \u2206I<jats:sub>0\u201330<\/jats:sub>\/\u2206G<jats:sub>0\u201330<\/jats:sub>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\/fasting insulin and \u2206I<jats:sub>0\u201360<\/jats:sub>\/\u2206G<jats:sub>0\u201360<\/jats:sub>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\/fasting insulin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall glycaemic response was comparable on both days, but the insulin response was much greater at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>4 when calculated at either 30 or 60\u00a0min (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content> was also greater (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) in response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>4 than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of duodenal glucose delivery has a major impact on insulin release and, thereby, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>. This suggests that the rate of gastric emptying, which determines duodenal glucose delivery, is a determinant of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,16]],"date-time":"2015-05-16T07:04:54Z","timestamp":1431759894000},"page":"1500-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The duodenal glucose load impacts the oral disposition index in healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"C. S.","family":"Marathe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Feinle\u2010Bisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pilichiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. K.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. E.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hospital Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62154-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"682","article-title":"Gastric emptying in ethnic populations: possible relationship to development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Phillips WT","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400362"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.12802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.12802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T21:12:07Z","timestamp":1696367527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.12802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.12802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12802","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}