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Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the extent to which adverse psychosocial factors, such as living alone, psychological distress, job strain and low support from supervisor, increase the risk of work disability (sickness absence and disability pension) among employees with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this pooled analysis of individual\u2010participant data from three occupational cohort studies (the Finnish Public Sector Study, the British Whitehall <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> study, and the French <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAZEL<\/jats:styled-content> study), 1088 women and 949 men with diabetes were followed up to determine the duration (number of days) and frequency (number of spells) of work disability. The mean follow\u2010up periods were 3.2\u00a0years in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAZEL<\/jats:styled-content> study, 4.6\u00a0years in the Whitehall <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> study and 4.7\u00a0years in the Finnish Public Sector Study. Psychosocial factors and potential confounding factors were assessed at baseline using standard questionnaires. Study\u2010specific estimates were pooled using fixed\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and comorbidities, participants with psychological distress had longer (rate ratio 1.66; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.31\u20132.09) and more frequent absences (rate ratio 1.33; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.19\u20131.49) compared with those with no psychological distress. Job strain was associated with slightly increased absence frequency (rate ratio 1.19 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.05\u20131.35), but not with absence duration. Living alone and low supervisor support were not associated with absence duration or frequency. We observed no sex differences in these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychological distress was associated with increased duration and frequency of work disability among employees with diabetes. Job strain was associated with increased absence frequency but not with absence duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T12:34:06Z","timestamp":1433248446000},"page":"208-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychosocial factors associated with work disability in men and women with diabetes: a pooled analysis of three occupational cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Ervasti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kivim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London UK"},{"name":"Clinicum Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki 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