{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:00:50Z","timestamp":1790935250905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,21]],"date-time":"2016-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content> intervals corrected for heart rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c) in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects, and to determine associations with metabolic control and autonomic function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resting electrocardiogram recordings of 142 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes [mean (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) age 15.3 (2.0) years, diabetes duration 9.0 (3.5) years, HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> 71 (17) mmol\/mol or 8.7 (1.6)%] and 125 control subjects [mean (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) age 15.7 (2.5) years] were used to calculate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c duration and derive mean heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) values. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c, metabolic control and autonomic function (HRV and pupillary function).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c duration was not significantly different between subjects with Type 1 diabetes and control subjects (mean duration 392 vs 391 ms; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.65). In the Type 1 diabetes group, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c was positively associated with HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> [\u03b2 = 4 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2, 6); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001] and inversely associated with severe hypoglycaemic events [\u03b2 = \u201010 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u201020,\u20102); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01], less insulin\/kg [\u03b2 = \u201012 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u201022, \u20102); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024] and less HRV. In the Type 1 diabetes group, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c in the highest quintile (\u2265409 ms) vs quintiles 1\u20134 had more pupillary abnormalities (83 vs 56%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), lower pupillary maximum constriction velocity (4.8 vs 5.3 mm\/s; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), higher heart rate (78 vs 72 beats per min; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) and lower HRV (standard deviation of mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NN<\/jats:styled-content> intervals 4.0 vs 4.3 ms, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004 and root\u2010mean\u2010square difference of successive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NN<\/jats:styled-content> intervals 3.7 vs 4.1 ms; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although there are concerns about hypoglycaemia in general in people with Type 1 diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia, rather than intermittent hypoglycaemia, appears to be more deleterious to autonomic cardiac function, even in adolescence. Longer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>c was associated with higher HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> concentration, lower risk of hypoglycaemia and autonomic dysfunction. Longitudinal studies are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T06:44:03Z","timestamp":1454049843000},"page":"1415-1421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<scp>QT<\/scp> interval, corrected for heart rate, is associated with HbA<sub>1c<\/sub> concentration and autonomic function in diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Stern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. 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