{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:29:17Z","timestamp":1783592957815,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001310","name":"South Asian Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to investigate the proportional representation of people of South Asian origin in cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose\u2010lowering drugs or strategies in Type 2 diabetes, noting that these are among the most significant pieces of evidence used to formulate the guidelines on which clinical practice is largely based.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched for cardiovascular outcome trials in Type 2 diabetes published before January 2015, and extracted data on the ethnicity of participants. These were compared against expected values for proportional representation of South Asian individuals, based on population data from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>, from the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, and globally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria and, of these, eight presented a sufficiently detailed breakdown of participant ethnicity to permit numerical analysis. In general, people of South Asian origin were found to be under\u2010represented in trials compared with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>and global expectations and over\u2010represented compared with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>expectations. Among the eight trials for which South Asian representation could be reliably estimated, seven under\u2010represented this group relative to the 11.2% of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>diabetes population estimated to be South Asian, with the representation in these trials ranging from 0.0% to 10.0%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians should exercise caution when generalizing the results of trials to their own practice, with regard to the ethnicity of individuals. Efforts should be made to improve reporting of ethnicity and improve diversity in trial recruitment, although we acknowledge that there are challenges that must be overcome to make this a reality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T12:39:53Z","timestamp":1456835993000},"page":"64-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Representation of people of South Asian origin in cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose\u2010lowering therapies in Type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Khunti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Diabetes Centre University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bellary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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