{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:13:15Z","timestamp":1784887995605,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]],"date-time":"2016-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the causes of death and cause\u2010specific standardized mortality ratios in two nationwide, population\u2010based cohorts diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes during the periods 1973\u20131982 and 1989\u20132012, and to evaluate changes in causes of death during the follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with Type 1 diabetes who were aged &lt; 15 years at diagnosis were identified in the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry and followed from diagnosis until death, emigration or September 2013 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7871). We assessed causes of death by linking data to the nationwide Cause of Death Registry and through a review committee that evaluated medical records, autopsy reports and death certificates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean (range) follow\u2010up of 16.8 (0\u201340.7) years, 241 individuals (3.1%) died, representing 132 143 person\u2010years. The leading cause of death before the age of 30 years was acute complications (41\/119, 34.5%). After the age of 30 years cardiovascular disease was predominant (41\/122, 33.6%), although death attributable to acute complications was still important in this age group (22\/122, 18.0%). A total of 5% of deaths were caused by \u2018dead\u2010in\u2010bed\u2019 syndrome. The standardized mortality ratio was elevated for cardiovascular disease [11.9 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 8.6\u201316.4)] and violent death [1.7 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.3\u20132.1)] in both sexes combined, but was elevated for suicide only in women [2.5 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.2\u20135.3)]. The risk of death from acute complications was approximately half in women compared with men [hazard ratio 0.43 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.25\u20130.76)], and did not change with more recent year of diagnosis [hazard ratio 1.02 (0.98\u20131.05)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no change in mortality attributable to acute complications during the study period. To reduce premature mortality in people with childhood\u2010onset diabetes focus should be on prevention of acute complications. Male gender implied increased risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T05:09:19Z","timestamp":1458536959000},"page":"56-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Causes of death in childhood\u2010onset Type 1 diabetes: long\u2010term follow\u2010up"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Gagnum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. C.","family":"Stene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. G.","family":"Jenssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Transplant Medicine Section of Nephrology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Metabolic and Renal Research Group Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Berteussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pathology and Clinical Forensic Medicine Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology Research Support Services Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Joner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Nj\u00f8lstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Skrivarhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Oslo Diabetes Research Centre Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry Department of Paediatrics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3623-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0702-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0824-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0082-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2011.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00505178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3090-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Annual report","author":"The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Annual report","author":"Leivestad T","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.4.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2008.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.16107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70248-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.4.1258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1431-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a091710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00404.x"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13114","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.13114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T01:55:30Z","timestamp":1696298130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.13114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.13114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}