{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:45:50Z","timestamp":1780973150013,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the German Federal Ministry of Health as a part of the Competence Network Diabetes mellitus","award":["FKZ 01GI1106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 01GI1106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the clinical and metabolic characteristics of patients with Type 1 diabetes and necrobiosis lipoidica with those of patients with Type 1 diabetes who do not have necrobiosis lipoidica. A multicentre analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 64 133 patients (aged 0\u201325 years) with Type 1 diabetes with and without necrobiosis lipoidica who were registered in the German\/Austrian Diabetes Prospective Documentation Initiative registry. Data were analysed using multivariable regression modelling. Age, diabetes duration, treatment year and sex were considered as confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results adjusted for demographic variables are presented. In patients with necrobiosis lipoidica, metabolic control was worse (HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> 72 vs. 67 mmol\/mol, 8.7% vs. 8.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0065) and the duration of diabetes was longer [6.24 (3.28\u20139.97) vs. 5.11 (2.08\u20138.83) years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014; not adjusted]. Patients with necrobiosis lipoidica required higher insulin doses than those without (1.02 vs. 0.92 U\/kg\/day; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the frequency of microvascular complications (microalbuminuria and retinopathy) between the groups. Furthermore, 24.8% and 17.5% of patients with Type 1 diabetes with and without necrobiosis lipoidica, respectively, had elevated thyroid antibodies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.051). Necrobiosis lipoidica was correlated with coeliac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes (3.4% vs. 1.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0035).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate a strong correlation between hyperglycaemia and the development of necrobiosis lipoidica. We postulate that the underlying pathogenic processes differ from those leading to microalbuminuria and retinopathy, and additional immunological mechanisms may play a role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T18:10:51Z","timestamp":1461262251000},"page":"86-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk factors for necrobiosis lipoidica in Type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Katholisches Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Lilienthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. E.","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Katholisches Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bollow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT University of Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT University of Ulm Ulm Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the DPV Initiative and the German BMBF Competence Network for Diabetes Mellitus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02071265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600210008002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1839","article-title":"Update on clinical and laboratory features in necrobiosis lipoidica: a retrospective multicentre study of 52 patients","volume":"22","author":"Erfurt\u2010Berge C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/120347541201600621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000314694","article-title":"Necrobiosis lipoidica therapy with biologicals: an ulcerated case responding to etanercept and a review of the literature","volume":"221","author":"Su\u00e1rez\u2010Amor O","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.10.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04856.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000182259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(96)90184-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1995.tb00162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.4.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80961-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670090020004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.d01-639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.5070\/D304C8T43B","article-title":"Necrobiosis lipoidica","volume":"17","author":"O'Reilly K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(02)00035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939508995704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1982"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.13138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T01:55:40Z","timestamp":1696298140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.13138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.13138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}