{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:51:55Z","timestamp":1790214715578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008391","name":"Markedsmodningsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in people with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 113 people with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes [mean (interquartile range) diabetes duration 22.0 (12\u201331) years, mean (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) age 56.2 (13.0) years, 58% men] underwent vitamin D (D2 and D3) assessment, and were screened for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy using three cardiovascular reflex tests [heart rate response to deep breathing (E\/I ratio), to standing (30\/15 ratio) and to the Valsalva manoeuvre] and assessment of 5\u2010min resting heart rate and heart rate variability indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found an inverse U\u2010shaped association between serum vitamin D level and E\/I ratio, 30\/15 ratio and three heart rate variability indices (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Vitamin D level was non\u2010linearly associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 adjusted for age and sex). Linear regression models showed that an increase in vitamin D level from 25 to 50 nmol\/l was associated with an increase of 3.9% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.1;7.9) in E\/I ratio and 4.8% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4.7;9.3) in 30\/15 ratio. Conversely, an increase from 125 to 150 nmol\/l in vitamin D level was associated with a decrease of 2.6% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22125.8;0.1) and 4.1% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> \u22125.8;\u22120.5) in the respective outcome measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High and low vitamin D levels were associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in people with diabetes. Future studies should explore this association and the efficacy of treating dysvitaminosis D to prevent cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T11:53:33Z","timestamp":1475841213000},"page":"364-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["High and low vitamin D level is associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"C. 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