{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:41:11Z","timestamp":1789580471160,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010805","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det i Syd\u00f6stra Sverige","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006129","name":"Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003945","name":"Link\u00f6pings Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007687","name":"Svenska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to explore the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes recruited from a community\u2010based study because there is limited and inconsistent research of this group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective community\u2010based cohort study among people aged 55\u201366 years with Type 2 diabetes as part of The Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes \u2013 A Prospective Study in Primary Care (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARDIPP<\/jats:styled-content>). We analysed serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> [25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>] at baseline. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) for the first myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular mortality according to 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 698 people with a mean follow\u2010up of 7.3 years. Serum 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.98 [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.96 to 0.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001]. Compared with the fourth quartile (Q4) [25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> &gt; 61.8 nmol\/l], <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> (with 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) was 3.46 (1.60 to 7.47) in Q1 [25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> &lt; 35.5 nmol\/l] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002); 2.26 (1.01 to 5.06) in Q2 [25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> 35.5\u201347.5 nmol\/l] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.047); and 1.62 (0.70 to 3.76) in Q3 [25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> 47.5\u201361.8 nmol\/l] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.26) when adjusting for age, sex and season. The results remained significant after adjusting also for cardiovascular risk factors, physiological variables including parathyroid hormone and previous cardiovascular disease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes independent of parathyroid hormone. Vitamin D could be considered as a prognostic factor. Future studies are needed to explore whether vitamin D deficiency is a modifiable risk factor in Type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T18:22:43Z","timestamp":1479493363000},"page":"372-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between serum 25(<scp>OH<\/scp>)D<sub>3<\/sub> and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes: a community\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2797-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Samefors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Scragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"L\u00e4nne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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