{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:53:38Z","timestamp":1774486418587,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001921","name":"Public Health Research Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHR\u2010SHF\u2010PH1\u2010MDP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHR\u2010SHF\u2010PH1\u2010MDP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the cost\u2010effectiveness of different interventions for Type 2 diabetes prevention within a common framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A micro\u2010simulation model was developed to evaluate the cost\u2010effectiveness of a range of diabetes prevention interventions including: (1) soft drinks taxation; (2) retail policy in socially deprived areas; (3) workplace intervention; (4) community\u2010based intervention; and (5) screening and intensive lifestyle intervention in individuals with high diabetes risk. Within the model, individuals follow metabolic trajectories (for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and glycaemia); individuals may develop diabetes, and some may exhibit complications of diabetes and related disorders, including cardiovascular disease, and eventually die. Lifetime healthcare costs, employment costs and quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years are collected for each person.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All interventions generate more life\u2010years and lifetime quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years and reduce healthcare spending compared with doing nothing. Screening and intensive lifestyle intervention generates greatest lifetime net benefit (\u00a337) but is costly to implement. In comparison, soft drinks taxation or retail policy generate lower net benefit (\u00a311 and \u00a311) but are cost\u2010saving in a shorter time period, preferentially benefit individuals from deprived backgrounds and reduce employer costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model enables a wide range of diabetes prevention interventions to be evaluated according to cost\u2010effectiveness, employment and equity impacts over the short and long term, allowing decision\u2010makers to prioritize policies that maximize the expected benefits, as well as fulfilling other policy targets, such as addressing social inequalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T23:06:42Z","timestamp":1489187202000},"page":"1136-1144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness of population\u2010based, community, workplace and individual policies for diabetes prevention in the <scp>UK<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"P. R.","family":"Breeze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Greaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Diggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School Lancaster University Lancaster"},{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health University College London London UK"},{"name":"First Department of Medicine Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Chilcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60283-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/13.3.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.PH38 Preventing type 2 diabetes \u2010 risk identification and interventions for individuals at high risk: guidance. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2012NICE public health guidance 38. Available athttp:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/PH38\/Guidance\/pdf\/EnglishLast accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-014-0091-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"SquiresH.A methodological framework for developing the structure of Public Health economic models. White Rose ethesis online 2014. Available athttp:\/\/etheses.whiterose.ac.uk\/5316\/Last accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"NatCen Social Research.Health Survey for England. University College London Department of Epidemiology and Public Health 2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.esds.ac.uk\/findingData\/hseTitles.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39609.449676.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.11.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2940-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.23.2751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a35150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dah207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jomh.2008.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.065151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2432-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fds088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"ThomasC SadlerS SquiresH GillettM BrennanA.Assessing the potential return on investment of the proposed NHS diabetes prevention programme in different population subgroups. Public Health England 2016. Available athttp:\/\/www.yhpho.org.uk\/default.aspx?RID=235836Last accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-1-200707030-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. 2014. Available athttps:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/process\/pmg20\/chapter\/introduction-and-overview. Last accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70139-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61514-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7547-9-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Centre for Public Health Excellence.Supporting investment in public health: Review of methods for assessing cost effectiveness cost impact and return on investment. Proof\u00a0of concept report. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2011. Available athttps:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/media\/default\/About\/what-we-do\/NICE-guidance\/NICE-guidelines\/Public-health-guidelines\/Additional-publications\/Cost-impact-proof-of-concept.pdfLast accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"GillettM ChilcottJ GoyderL PayneN ThokalaP FreemanCet\u00a0al.Prevention of type 2 diabetes: risk identification and interventions for individuals at high risk. NICE Centre for Public Health Excellence 2011. Available athttps:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ph38\/evidence\/he1-costeffectiveness-review-and-economic-modelling-435125485Last accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"MarmotM.Fair society health lives. The Marmot Review. Strategicreview of health inequalities in England post 2010 2011. Available athttp:\/\/www.instituteofhealthequity.org\/projects\/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-reviewLast accessed 15 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3138"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.13349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T02:50:20Z","timestamp":1696301420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.13349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.13349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13349","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-03-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}