{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:59:34Z","timestamp":1792623574610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["513781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["513781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1042231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1042231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the long\u2010term trajectories of depression symptom severity in people with Type 2 diabetes, and to identify predictors and associates of these trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A community\u2010dwelling cohort of 1201 individuals with Type 2 diabetes from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> was followed for 5 years. The nine\u2010item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was administered annually to assess depression symptoms, and biomedical and psychosocial measures were assessed at baseline and biennially. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify classes of depression severity trajectories and associated outcomes, and logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of class membership.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three trajectories of depression symptoms were identified: continuously low depression symptoms (85.2%); gradually worsening symptoms that then began to improve (persistent depression \u2013 low\u2010start; 7.3%); and gradually improving symptoms which later worsened (persistent depression \u2013 high\u2010start; 7.5%). Younger age, being a woman, and a lifetime history of major depressive disorder, were associated with greater risk of persistent depression symptoms. Persistent depression was associated with consistently higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> over time, but not with changes in HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> or self\u2010monitoring of blood glucose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A subset of individuals with Type 2 diabetes is at risk of depression symptoms that remain elevated over time. Younger, overweight individuals with a history of depression may benefit from early and intensive depression management and ongoing follow\u2010up as part of routine Type 2 diabetes care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T17:22:40Z","timestamp":1493400160000},"page":"1108-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Depression symptoms are persistent in Type 2 diabetes: risk factors and outcomes of 5\u2010year depression trajectories using latent class growth analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0363-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. R.","family":"Whitworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. G.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. E.","family":"Starkstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. M. E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. C.","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Bucks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(96)00170-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2411-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(03)00055-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.9.2154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(04)00004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validation of the PHQ\u20109 as a screening instrument for depression in diabetes patients in specialized outpatient clinics","volume":"10","author":"Steenbergen\u2010Weijenburg KM","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00198-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409343765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.4.330"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13372","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.13372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T02:50:03Z","timestamp":1696301403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.13372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.13372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13372","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}