{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:55:09Z","timestamp":1765886109651,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007605","name":"Aarhus Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007324","name":"Sundhedsstyrelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of hyperkalaemia in people with diabetes in a real\u2010world setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using Danish health registries, we identified a population\u2010based cohort of people with first\u2010time drug\u2010treated diabetes, in the period 2000\u22122012. First, the cumulative incidence of hyperkalaemia, defined as first blood test with potassium level &gt;5.0 mmol\/l after diabetes treatment initiation, was ascertained. Second, in a case\u2013control analysis, risk factors were compared in people with vs without hyperkalaemia. Third, clinical outcomes were assessed among individuals with hyperkalaemia in a before\u2013after analysis, and among people with and without hyperkalaemia in a matched cohort analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 68 601 individuals with diabetes (median age 62 years, 47% women), 16% experienced hyperkalaemia (incidence rate 40 per 1000 person\u2010years) during a mean follow\u2010up of 4.1 years. People who developed hyperkalaemia had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease [prevalence ratio 1.74 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.68\u22121.81)], heart failure [prevalence ratio 2.35 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.18\u22122.54)], use of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors [prevalence ratio 1.24 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.20\u22121.28)], use of spironolactone [prevalence ratio 2.68 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.48\u22122.88)] and potassium supplements [prevalence ratio 1.59 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.52\u22121.67)]. In people with diabetes who developed hyperkalaemia, 31% were acutely hospitalized within 6 months before hyperkalaemia, increasing to 50% 6 months after hyperkalaemia [before\u2013after risk ratio 1.67 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.61\u22121.72)]. The 6\u2010month mortality rate after hyperkalaemia was 20%. Compared with matched individuals without hyperkalaemia, the hazard ratio for death was 6.47 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 5.81\u22127.21).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>One in six newly diagnosed people with diabetes experienced a hyperkalaemic event, which was associated with severe clinical outcomes and death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T10:59:05Z","timestamp":1527073145000},"page":"1051-1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hyperkalaemia in people with diabetes: occurrence, risk factors and outcomes in a Danish population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. W.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Nicolaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Adelborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hasvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AstraZeneca Nordic Medical Department Etterstad Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Palaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AstraZeneca Global Payer Evidence Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. T.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i10.488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066605278969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818f222b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1414112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.15-3-239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000479802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(82)90161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2014.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.42577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1228-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"659","article-title":"Incidence of hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients","volume":"19","author":"Shemer J","year":"1983","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.839.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S17901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"798","article-title":"Data Resource Profile: The Danish National Prescription Registry","volume":"46","author":"Pottegard A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01730215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-009-0037-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02681-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20102017: Summary of Revisions","volume":"40","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdme.13687","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.13687","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dme.13687","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.13687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T02:44:23Z","timestamp":1694227463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.13687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.13687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13687","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0742-3071"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1464-5491"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}