{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:50:00Z","timestamp":1763945400369},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the long\u2010term risk of diabetes in a cohort of children treated with recombinant human growth hormone in Israel, using data from the Israeli National Diabetes Register.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1988 and 2009, 2513 children were approved for growth hormone treatment. They were assigned to one of two groups. The first group included children treated for isolated growth hormone deficiency and who were small for gestational age and the second included those treated for multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, chronic renal failure, Turner syndrome or Prader\u2013Willi syndrome. The cohort was cross\u2010linked with the Israeli National Diabetes Register for 2014 (mean follow\u2010up duration 12.1\u00b15.3 years), and prevalent cases of diabetes were identified. Standardized prevalence ratios for diabetes were calculated for people aged 10\u201329 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2014, a total of 23 individuals were identified with diabetes (four with pre\u2010existing diabetes, seven developed diabetes before age 17 years and 12 developed it at a later age). In the isolated growth hormone deficiency and small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age group there was no difference in the prevalence of diabetes compared with the general population (standardized prevalence ratio 2.05, 95% CI 0.94\u20133.89). In the group that included people with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, chronic renal failure, Turner syndrome and Prader\u2013Willi syndrome there was a significantly higher diabetes prevalence (standardized prevalence ratio 11.94, 95% CI 6.53\u201320.00) compared with the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No difference in diabetes prevalence was found in the isolated growth hormone deficiency and small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age group, compared with the general population. Children treated with growth hormone with pre\u2010existing risk factors had an increased prevalence of diabetes. It is advisable to monitor blood glucose levels closely during and after growth hormone treatment, especially in such children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T03:11:05Z","timestamp":1548731465000},"page":"1276-1281","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of diabetes among children treated with growth hormone in Israel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Lutski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Centre for Disease Control Israel Ministry of Health Ramat Gan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Centre for Disease Control Israel Ministry of Health Ramat Gan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Zadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology Unit Kaplan Medical Centre Rehovot"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Libruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Centre for Disease Control Israel Ministry of Health Ramat Gan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Blumenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Centre for Disease Control Israel Ministry of Health Ramat Gan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Shohat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Centre for Disease Control Israel Ministry of Health Ramat Gan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv 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