{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T06:35:03Z","timestamp":1781418903788,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between anxiety symptoms and the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 1708 participants aged 31\u201382\u00a0years from the population\u2010based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg F4 and the follow\u2010up Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg FF4 studies was included. Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose and\/or impaired glucose tolerance, and anxiety status was measured by the generalized anxiety disorder\u20107 questionnaire. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes cases were identified after 6.5\u00a0years (11 102 person\u2010years) and confirmed by medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the effect of prediabetes and anxiety on the incidence of type 2 diabetes with different levels of adjustments for potential confounders. The population attributable risk of type 2 diabetes in participants with prediabetes and anxiety was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prediabetes at baseline was prevalent in 247 participants, of whom 77 developed diabetes after follow\u2010up, accounting for a progression rate of 31%. In participants with prediabetes, high anxiety was associated with a 3\u2010fold increased risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in comparison with low anxiety, even after accounting for socio\u2010demographic, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.82, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.95\u20138.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.06). A significant proportion of incident type 2 diabetes was attributed to having anxiety in addition to prediabetes (attributable risk proportion: 0.52; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.004\u20131.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety symptoms independently increase the progression risk of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and should be routinely considered alongside the traditional risk factors in people with prediabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T17:14:51Z","timestamp":1579022091000},"page":"1737-1741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Anxiety boosts progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes: findings from the prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg F4 and FF4 studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology \u2010 IBE LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"Pettenkofer School of Public Health Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Atasoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Gie\u00dfen and Marburg Gie\u00dfen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Johar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Gie\u00dfen and Marburg Gie\u00dfen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Herder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Gie\u00dfen and Marburg Gie\u00dfen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0710-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.\u2010H.","family":"Ladwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen German Research Center for 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60283-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-016-0771-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-018-0387-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Modern 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