{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:53:26Z","timestamp":1792173206461,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001776","name":"University of Western Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Post graduate research scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Post graduate research scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the metabolic phenotypes of early gestational diabetes mellitus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis using data from the Vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for gestational diabetes prevention (DALI) trial conducted across nine European countries (2012\u20132014). In women with a BMI \u226529\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , insulin resistance and secretion were estimated from the oral glucose tolerance test values performed before 20\u00a0weeks, using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and Stumvoll first\u2010phase indices, respectively. Women with early gestational diabetes, defined by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria, were classified into three groups: GDM\u2010R (above\u2010median insulin resistance alone), GDM\u2010S (below\u2010median insulin secretion alone), and GDM\u2010B (combination of both) and the few remaining women were excluded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with women in the normal glucose tolerance group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0651), women in the GDM\u2010R group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0143) had higher fasting and post\u2010load glucose values and insulin levels, with a greater risk of having large\u2010for\u2010gestational age babies [adjusted odds ratio 3.30 (95% CI 1.50\u20137.50)] and caesarean section [adjusted odds ratio 2.30 (95% CI 1.20\u20134.40)]. Women in the GDM\u2010S (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a037) and GDM\u2010B (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a056) groups had comparable pregnancy outcomes with those in the normal glucose tolerance group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In overweight and obese women with early gestational diabetes, higher degree of insulin resistance alone was more likely to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes than lower insulin secretion alone or a combination of both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T18:26:42Z","timestamp":1601404002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Metabolic phenotypes of early gestational diabetes mellitus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Immanuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Macarthur Clinical School Western Sydney University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macarthur Clinical School Western Sydney University Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Harreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III Division of Endocrinology Gender Medicine Unit Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Desoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medizinische Universitaet Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5055-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Corcoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca de l\u00b4Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Adelantado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Devlieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration: Pregnancy Fetus and Neonate Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospitals Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9207-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Lapolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita Degli Studi di Padova Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Dalfra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita Degli Studi di Padova Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bertolotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero\u2013Universitaria Pisana Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wender\u2010Ozegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zawiejska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. P.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pregnant Women with Diabetes Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. R.","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pregnant Women with Diabetes Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health Science University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. L. T.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health Science University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Lawson SA St. Gallen Switzerland"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G. M.","family":"Jelsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3520-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Kautzky\u2010Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III Division of Endocrinology Gender Medicine Unit Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Gender Institute Gars am Kamp Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Galjaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration: Pregnancy Fetus and Neonate Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospitals Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. J.","family":"Snoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Medical Psychology Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. N. M.","family":"van Poppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam"},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy WHO\/NMH\/MND\/ 13.2. Geneva: World health Organization. 2013. Available athttp:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/85975\/1\/WHO_NMH_MND_13.2_eng.pdf. Last accessed 10 January 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.11.1717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.4.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.5.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1666-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4961-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13772"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-017-0943-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"903","article-title":"Effect of physical activity and\/or healthy eating on GDM risk: the DALI lifestyle study","volume":"102","author":"Simmons D","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.796"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-SAT-123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4351-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1922-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292703"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.14413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dme.14413","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.14413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T11:29:46Z","timestamp":1693567786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.14413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.14413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.14413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.738765958.793579359","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14413"}}