{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:27:45Z","timestamp":1779373665948,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microalbuminuria is an indicator of adverse cardiovascular events and chronic kidney disease. Studies have described an elevated resting heart rate as a risk factor for microalbuminuria in people with cardiovascular disease, but none have clarified its role in microalbuminuria development in people with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between resting heart rate and new\u2010onset microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 788 people from a glycaemic control trial in Taiwan were enrolled. Microalbuminuria was defined as a fasting urine albumin\u2010to\u2010creatinine ratio \u226530\u00a0mg\/g in two consecutive urine tests. Resting heart rate and other covariates were measured at baseline. The quartile of resting heart rates, categorized as &lt;70, 70\u201374, 75\u201380 and &gt;80 beats\/min, was used for analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between resting heart rate and risk of microalbuminuria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the follow\u2010up period, 244 people (31%) developed microalbuminuria. Those who developed microalbuminuria had a longer diabetes duration (median\u00a0=\u00a03.0 vs. 2.0\u00a0years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), higher rate of hypertension (77% vs. 66%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003), higher rate of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor\/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment (50% vs. 38%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and higher baseline HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> level (70 vs. 64\u00a0mmol\/mol, 8.6 vs. 8.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). After adjusting for demographics, metabolic profiles and inflammatory markers, developing microalbuminuria was significantly associated with baseline resting heart rate of 70\u201374, 75\u201380 and &gt;80 beats\/min (with hazard ratios [95% CI] of 2.05 [1.32, 3.18], 2.10 [1.32, 3.32] and 1.62 [1.01, 2.59], respectively) compared to resting heart rates &lt;70 beats\/min. An average increased risk of microalbuminuria for increment of 10 beats\/min was about 24% among those with hypertension (with hazard ratios of 1.24 [1.05, 1.47] in the multivariable Cox model).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study showed that resting heart rate may be an associative risk factor for developing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T19:50:30Z","timestamp":1603482630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The relationship between resting heart rate and new\u2010onset microalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes: An 8\u2010year follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2687-4801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. K.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Tungs Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management Miaoli Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3485-7558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. C.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Tungs Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Tungs Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management Miaoli Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. S.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Medicine Tungs Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Y.","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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