{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:50:43Z","timestamp":1781499043983,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"Universitetet i Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify individual and general practitioner (GP) characteristics associated with potential over\u2010 and undertreatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes and with HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> not being measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study that included 10233 individuals with type 2 diabetes attending 282 GPs. Individuals with an HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> measurement during the last 15 months were categorized as potentially overtreated if they were prescribed a sulphonylurea and\/or insulin when the HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was less than 53 mmol\/mol (7%) when aged over 75 years or less than 48 mmol\/mol (6.5%) when aged between 65 and 75 years. Potential undertreatment was defined as age less than 60 years and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> &gt; 64 mmol\/mol (8.0%) or HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> &gt; 69 mmol\/mol (8.5%) and treated with lifestyle modification and\/or monotherapy. We used multilevel binary and multinominal logistic regression models to examine associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 4.1% were potentially overtreated, 7.8% were potentially undertreated and 11% did not have HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> measured. Characteristics associated with potential overtreatment were as follows: long diabetes duration, prescribed antihypertensive medication, cardiovascular disease and renal failure. Potential undertreatment was associated with male gender, non\u2010western origin and low educational level. Characteristics associated with not having an HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> measurement performed were male gender, age &lt; 50 years and cardiovascular diseases. GP specialist status and GPs\u2019 use of a Noklus diabetes application reduced the risk of not having an HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> measurement performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Potential overtreatment in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes was relatively low. Nevertheless, appropriate de\u2010intensification or intensification of treatment and regular HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> measurement in identified subgroups is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T12:37:12Z","timestamp":1608813432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Factors associated with potential over\u2010 and undertreatment of hyperglycaemia and annual measurement of HbA<sub>1c<\/sub> in type 2 diabetes in norwegian general practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-8172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore J.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahimu","family":"Mdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Gjelsvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Claudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne K.","family":"Jenum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"General Practice Research Unit (AFE) Department of General Practice Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30104-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Gaps and barriers in the control of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes","author":"Blonde L","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0819-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1470-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Health TNDo.The national guidelines for diabetes. 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