{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:53:16Z","timestamp":1770889996077,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002960","name":"V\u00e4sterbotten L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004885","name":"Ume\u00e5 Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011077","name":"Sk\u00e5nes universitetssjukhus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lunds Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008546","name":"Diabetesf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the long\u2010term temporal trend of intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) and the association between changes in IENFD and metabolic factors in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 66 participants were enrolled in this longitudinal population\u2010based study, at baseline consisting of 35 individuals (median 61\u00a0years) without diabetes and 31 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants underwent clinical and electrophysiological examinations, as well as a skin biopsy both at baseline and at the follow\u2010up visit (mean 8.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0years). IENFD was assessed in thin sections of 5\u00a0\u03bcm, stained with the protein gene product 9.5\u2010antibody and compared between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IENFD decreased during the period in both groups, with a greater decline in the group without diabetes than in type 2 diabetes (\u22122.3 and \u22120.6 fibres\/mm respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). While IENFD at baseline was significantly reduced in type 2 diabetes relative to people without (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), no difference in IENFD was found between groups at the follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.183). Linear mixed model analysis indicated that age, weight and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> were associated with decrease in IENFD in the total population (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.007). IENFD also decreased with increasing age and weight, but not with HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, in the separate groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.049).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite lower IENFD levels at baseline in type 2 diabetes, IENFD was equal between the groups at follow\u2010up. A decrease in IENFD is to a limited extent affected by body weight, and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, but age seems to be the long\u2010term determinant of IENFD in an elderly population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T15:00:05Z","timestamp":1631977205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Temporal trend of small nerve fibre degeneration in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linn\u00e9a","family":"Ekman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Hand Surgery Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Pourhamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pathology Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Lagali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olov","family":"Rolandsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Family Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars B.","family":"Dahlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Hand Surgery Lund University  Malm\u00f6 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