{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:20:51Z","timestamp":1789050051434,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proven to enhance wound healing in superficial, chronically infected, diabetic foot ulcers. We aimed to investigate the molecular drivers responsible for this macroscopically observed improvement in diabetic wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Wound exudate was available from each change of dressing within a prospective, randomised, patient\u2010blinded clinical trial. Specific protein level analyses were conducted via multiplex ELISA for wound samples of a representative subcohort (placebo:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013; CAP:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014). Expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF\u20102), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF\u2010A), cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated over a treatment period of about 14\u00a0days.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis revealed increased levels of the growth factors FGF\u20102 (placebo: median 46.9 range [32.0\u2013168.6] AU vs. CAP: 113.7[55.8\u2013208.1] AU) and VEGF\u2010A (placebo: 79.7 [52.4\u2013162.7] AU vs. CAP: 120.8 [51.1\u2013198.1] AU) throughout the treatment period and in head\u2010to\u2010head comparison in a daily assessment. CAP\u2010treated wounds showed increased levels of tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha, interleukins 1\u03b1 and 8. However, the total protein amounts were not significantly elevated. The total protein amounts of MMPs were not altered by CAP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Induction of crucial growth factors, like FGF\u20102 and VEGF\u2010A, and interleukins appears to be an important component of CAP\u2010mediated promotion of granulation, vascularisation and reepithelialisation in the diabetic foot. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CAP\u2010mediated growth factor induction also occurs in persons with diabetes, as previously described only in several in vitro and rodent experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Clinical Trial registration KPWTRIAL:<\/jats:bold>\n                      NCT04205942, ClinicalTrials.gov.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T12:09:08Z","timestamp":1641816548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Enhanced growth factor expression in chronic diabetic wounds treated by cold atmospheric plasma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Hiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herz\u2010 und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Bad Oeynhausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Stratmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herz\u2010 und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Bad Oeynhausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center for Clinical Studies Bremen Universit\u00e4t Bremen  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania\u2010Cristina","family":"Costea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herz\u2010 und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Bad Oeynhausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diethelm","family":"Tschoepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herz\u2010 und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Bad Oeynhausen Germany"},{"name":"Stiftung DHD (Der herzkranke Diabetiker) Stiftung in der Deutschen Diabetes\u2010Stiftung  Bad Oeynhausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Ninth Edition 2019","author":"International Diabetes 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