{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:20:16Z","timestamp":1788315616027,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is a significant health issue for participants with type 1 diabetes undergoing intensive diabetes management. The temporal pattern and factors associated with weight gain after treatment initiation remain poorly understood including how weight gain in participants with and without type I diabetes compare. Our aim was to compare weight gain in those receiving intensive (INT) and conventional (CONV) type 1 diabetes treatment to a population without diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included men and women of 18\u00a0years and older in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) randomized to INT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0562) or CONV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0568) and a prospective, observational cohort without diabetes from the Coronary Artery Development in Young Adults (CARDIA, controls) study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02446). Body mass index (BMI) trajectories and obesity prevalence were compared between groups and candidate metabolic and therapeutic moderators investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annual weight gain with INT peaked 1.3\u00a0years after initiation and was greater than both CONV and controls before and after this peak. Obesity prevalence with INT was lower than controls at baseline, was similar to controls at 2\u00a0years and surpassed controls by 5\u00a0years. Obesity rates with CONV remained below controls at all time points. Greater annual weight gain in the DCCT was associated with lower haemoglobin A<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, higher insulin dose and family history of type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater weight gain accompanying INT therapy occurs in two stages, leads to similar or greater obesity rates than controls after 2\u00a0years and is primarily modified by glucose control and family history, supportive of a therapeutic\u2010genetic influence on weight trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:06:47Z","timestamp":1642493207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Weight gain trajectories and obesity rates in intensive and conventional treatments of type 1 diabetes from the DCCT compared with a control population without diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nichole E.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Informatics University of Colorado\u2010Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken W.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HQ USAFA\/DFMS  USAF Academy Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Hokanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Colorado\u2010Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Center George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Brunzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Q.","family":"Purnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knight Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition Department of Medicine Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"DCCT\/EDIC research group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.11.1415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.7.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(93)91748-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Obesity. 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