{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:06:58Z","timestamp":1788941218142,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015769","name":"Dexcom","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) assessing separately and together the effect of the three distinct categories of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems (adjunctive, non\u2010adjunctive and intermittently\u2010scanned CGM [isCGM]), compared with traditional capillary glucose monitoring, on HbA1c and CGM metrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central register of clinical trials were searched. Inclusion criteria were as follows: randomised controlled trials; participants with type 1 diabetes of any age and insulin regimen; investigating CGM and isCGM compared with traditional capillary glucose monitoring; and reporting glycaemic outcomes of HbA1c and\/or time\u2010in\u2010range (TIR). Glycaemic outcomes were extracted post\u2010intervention and expressed as mean differences and 95%CIs between treatment and comparator groups. Results were pooled using a random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Rob2 tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review was conducted between January and April 2021; it included 22 RCTs (15 adjunctive, 5 non\u2010adjunctive, and 2 isCGM)). The overall analysis of the pooled three categories showed a statistically significant absolute improvement in HbA1c percentage points (mean difference (95% CI): \u22120.22% [\u22120.31 to \u22120.14], <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a079%) for intervention compared with comparator and was strongest for adjunctive CGM (\u22120.26% [\u22120.36, \u22120.16]). Overall TIR (absolute change) increased by 5.4% (3.5 to 7.2), <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a071% for CGM intervention compared with comparator and was strongest with non\u2010adjunctive CGM (6.0% [2.3, 9.7]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For individuals with T1D, use of CGM was beneficial for impacting glycaemic outcomes including HbA1c, TIR and time\u2010below\u2010range (TBR). Glycaemic improvement appeared greater for TIR for newer non\u2010adjunctive CGM technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T09:38:47Z","timestamp":1650447527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Effect of divergent continuous glucose monitoring technologies on glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7772-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Elbalshy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New 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