{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:06:49Z","timestamp":1788023209562,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014915","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Netherlands","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003092","name":"Diabetes Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the stability of C\u2010peptide over time and to compare fasting C\u2010peptide and C\u2010peptide response after mixed\u2010meal tolerance test (MMTT) at T90 or T120 with C\u2010peptide area under the curve (AUC) in long\u2010standing type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 607 type 1 diabetes individuals with diabetes duration &gt;5\u2009years. C\u2010peptide concentrations (ultrasensitive assay) were collected in the fasting state, and in a subpopulation after MMTT (T0, just prior to, T30\u2010T60\u2010T90\u2010T120, 30\u2013120\u2009min after ingestion of mixed\u2010meal) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0168). Fasting C\u2010peptide concentrations (in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0535) at Year 0 and Year 1 were compared. The clinical determinants associated with residual C\u2010peptide secretion and the correspondence of C\u2010peptide at MMTT T90 \/ T120 and total AUC were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 153 participants (25%) had detectable fasting serum C\u2010peptide (i.e\u2009\u2265\u20093.8\u00a0pmol\/L). Fasting C\u2010peptide was significantly lower at Year 1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, effect size\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.16). Participants with higher fasting C\u2010peptide had a higher age at diagnosis and shorter disease duration and were less frequently insulin pump users. Overall, 109 of 168 (65%) participants had both non\u2010detectable fasting and post\u2010meal serum C\u2010peptide concentrations. The T90 and T120 C\u2010peptide values at MMTT were concordant with total AUC. In 17 (10%) individuals, C\u2010peptide was only detectable at MMTT and not in the fasting state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stimulated C\u2010peptide was detectable in an additional 10% of individuals compared with fasting in individuals with &gt;5\u2009years of diabetes duration. T90 and T120\u2009MMTT measurements showed good concordance with the MMTT total AUC. Overall, there was a decrease of C\u2010peptide at 1\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T08:23:04Z","timestamp":1668759784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fasting and meal\u2010stimulated serum C\u2010peptide in long\u2010standing type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0908-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Vollenbrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick","family":"Mul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabeter, Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabeter, Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Birnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabeter, Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine M. C.","family":"de Vries\u2010Velraeds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabeter, Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne","family":"Boesten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, IJsselland Ziekenhuis Capelle aan den IJssel  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Groen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, IJsselland Ziekenhuis Capelle aan den IJssel  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petronella H. L. M.","family":"Geelhoed\u2010Duijvestijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Medical Centre Haaglanden  Den Haag The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk\u2010Jan","family":"Aanstoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabeter, Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Care and Research  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9262-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce H. R.","family":"Wolffenbuttel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DB10-0676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DIACARE.26.3.832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.157.3789.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DC20-0567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJDRC-2021-002288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518809088759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00572826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"R Studio Team.RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R.2019.http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"KassambaraA.rstatix: Pipe\u2010Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests.2021.https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/package=rstatix"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/DME.13142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DC14-1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DC12-0836\/-\/DC1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DC10-2114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S229675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/CLINCHEM.2009.129312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(11)70010-9"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.15012","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dme.15012","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.15012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T07:04:21Z","timestamp":1710572661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.15012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.15012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.15012","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15012"}}