{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:29:31Z","timestamp":1784618971325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>No standardised questionnaires have been specifically developed to assess the considerable demands of managing type 1 diabetes (T1D) during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore what domains of measurement are important to quality of life during pregnancy with TID and to assess if standardised questionnaires, used by previous researchers, adequately capture patients' reported experience of TID in pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A qualitative inquiry was conducted using semi\u2010structured focus groups with Canadian women who have experienced T1D in pregnancy. Participants were asked open\u2010ended questions about experiences managing T1D during pregnancy and whether options on standardised tools captured their pregnancy experiences. Audio from focus groups was transcribed verbatim. Two researchers independently analysed the transcripts using inductive thematic analysis. Salient ideas, experiences and key words were coded iteratively and grouped into broader themes and subsequently reviewed by five participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample included nine participants. Emergent themes included changes in day\u2010to\u2010day routines to manage T1D in pregnancy, fear of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy and of hypoglycaemia postpartum. Participants felt that existing options on standardised questionnaires did not adequately quantify diabetes interference in work, family time, planned activities and sleep, and did not address hyperglycaemia fear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Existing standardised questionnaires do not adequately capture patient\u2010reported outcomes of greatest importance for those living with T1D in pregnancy. Future research assessing the impact of therapies on quality\u2010of\u2010life measures in TID pregnancies should quantify their influence on day\u2010to\u2010day activities, adjust measures of sleep quality and capture fear of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and hypoglycaemia postpartum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T07:29:05Z","timestamp":1674458945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Existing standardised questionnaires do not adequately capture quality\u2010of\u2010life outcomes of greatest importance for those living with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen H.","family":"Chaput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denice S.","family":"Feig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8911-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lois E.","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32400-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1633-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602494"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818800065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2534"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13567"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. 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