{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:55:41Z","timestamp":1787730941951,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001588","name":"Enterprise Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005075","name":"Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression and anxiety may increase the risk of progressing from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. The present study examined the interactions between prediabetes status and elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms with the risk of type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a072,428) were adults aged 40\u2009years and above without diabetes at baseline from the Lifelines Cohort Study (58% female; mean age\u00a0=\u00a051.4\u2009years). The Mini\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview screened for elevated symptoms of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>) levels determined prediabetes status at baseline (2007\u20132013), and HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> and self\u2010reported diabetes diagnoses determined diabetes status at follow\u2010up (2014\u20132017). Groups were formed for elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, and prediabetes status at baseline (elevated depressive\/anxiety symptoms with prediabetes, elevated depressive\/anxiety symptoms alone, and prediabetes alone), and compared to a reference group (no prediabetes or anxiety\/depression) on the likelihood of developing diabetes during the follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01300 (1.8%) participants developed diabetes. While prediabetes alone was associated with incident diabetes (OR\u00a0=\u00a05.94; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a05.10\u20136.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), the group with combined prediabetes and depressive symptoms had the highest likelihood of developing diabetes over follow\u2010up (OR\u00a0=\u00a08.29; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a05.58\u201312.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similar results were found for prediabetes and anxiety symptoms (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.57; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a04.62\u20139.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), compared to prediabetes alone (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.09; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a05.23\u20137.11, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), though with a smaller effect. The interaction between depressive symptoms and prediabetes was synergistic in age\u2010and\u2010sex adjusted analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with elevated depressive, and to some extent anxiety, symptoms in combination with prediabetes may represent a high\u2010risk subgroup for type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T08:45:01Z","timestamp":1675845901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prediabetes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Investigating the roles of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the Lifelines cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonya 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