{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:28:18Z","timestamp":1781188098626,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P023347\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P023347\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020013","name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT101597MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT101597MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000857","name":"Loughborough University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from 0 to 60\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study. Using covariate\u2010adjusted multilevel linear spline models (4 splines: 0\u20131.6, 1.6\u20136, 6\u201317 and 17\u201360\u2009months), we compared weight, height and body mass index (BMI) z\u2010score trajectories of: (1) 76 offspring exposed to metformin (OGDM\u2010Metformin) and 420 offspring exposed to insulin (OGDM\u2010Insulin); (2) OGDM\u2010Metformin and 9171 offspring not exposed to GDM (No\u2010GDM); (3) OGDM\u2010Insulin and No\u2010GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) OGDM\u2010Metformin had comparable growth trajectories to OGDM\u2010Insulin from 0 to 60\u2009months. (2) OGDM\u2010Metformin had a lower mean birthweight z\u2010score than No\u2010GDM. OGDM\u2010Metformin had faster changes in height z\u2010score (0.13 [95% CI 0.026, 0.24]) from 17 to 60\u2009months and by 60\u2009months, had comparable mean BMI z\u2010score to No\u2010GDM. (3) OGDM\u2010insulin had lower mean birthweight and height z\u2010scores than No\u2010GDM. OGDM\u2010Insulin had faster changes in weight (0.32 [0.021, 0.62]) and height (0.50 [0.087, 0.91]) from 1.6 to 6\u2009months and by 60\u2009months, had comparable mean BMI z\u2010score to No\u2010GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GDM metformin treatment was not associated with differences in offspring growth trajectories compared to insulin treatment. Both metformin and insulin\u2010exposed offspring had comparable BMI z\u2010score to No\u2010GDM by 60\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:38:39Z","timestamp":1692466719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Associations between maternal gestational diabetes metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from birth to 60\u2009months of age: Findings from the Born in Bradford (<scp>BiB<\/scp>) study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Gilberte","family":"Martine\u2010Edith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Petherick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.935403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000464302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Definition Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1:Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.1999https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/66040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO child growth standards:length\/height\u2010for\u2010age weight\u2010for\u2010age weight\u2010for\u2010length Weight\u2010for\u2010 Height and Body Mass Index\u2010Forage:Methods and Development.2006https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\u2010detail\u2010redirect\/924154693X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v4i2.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"NCMP.National Child Measurement Programme England 2019\/20 School Year. NHS Digital. Published 2020.https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data\u2010and\u2010information\/publications\/statistical\/national\u2010child\u2010measurement\u2010programme\/2019\u201020\u2010school\u2010year"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053753"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4457-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"Ethnic Group Statistics: a Guide for the Collection and Classification of Ethnicity Data\u2010 Office for National Statistics","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280213503925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4970-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2486"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.15204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T12:21:07Z","timestamp":1697545267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.15204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.15204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.15204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15204"}}